eng Science and Education Publishing Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 2013-12-16 1 3 50 60 10.12691/jbet-1-3-4 JBET2013134 article Partha S. Saha p.s.saha.11@aberdeen.ac.uk 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium Musculoskeletal damage is a major health-related problem in working groups as well as in growing age population throughout the world. Due to the inefficiency of the current surgical treatment, Regenerative Medicine has recently grasped the attention of scientists. Tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies, two prominent branches of regenerative medicine, are considered as the most suitable techniques to repair the tissue damage. However, a huge number of autologous cells are required to address these practices. Since only small numbers of cells are obtainable from the patient, there requires expansion of cell number in vitro. Nevertheless, these primary cells grow slowly in vitro and lose their general characteristics during prolonged culturing period. It has been shown through this review paper that several exogenous factors, which can be classified as physical, chemical, biological and culture-environmental, can modulate the culture parameters efficiently. These can, therefore, support in promoting higher proliferation rate and also in maintaining the desired characteristics after a culturing period. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jbet/1/3/4/jbet-1-3-4.pdf exogenous factorsclinical graded cell-proliferationosteoblast proliferationinduced cell proliferationbiosafety of culture medium