@article{ijp20231132,
author={Zhao, Shuang-ren},
title={Definition, Measurement and Calibration of Magnetic Field of Electromagnetic Wave ¨C Correct the Defects of MaxwellˇŻs Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory},
journal={International Journal of Physics},
volume={11},
number={3},
pages={106--135},
year={2023},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijp/11/3/2},
issn={2333-4576},
abstract={The research shows that the theory of quasi-static electromagnetic field and the theory of radiated electromagnetic field satisfying MaxwellˇŻs equation are two different systems. In these two systems, the definition formula of electric field and magnetic field is identical. The author found that the physical meaning of the definition of the electric field is the same. But the meaning of the definition of magnetic field is different. The author puts forward two new axioms of electromagnetic field theory, (1) N current elements should satisfy the law of conservation of energy. (2) The energy of electromagnetic radiation should not overflow the universe. The theory of quasi-static electromagnetic field can well satisfy these two laws. However, the theory of radiated electromagnetic field satisfying MaxwellˇŻs equation does not satisfy these two electromagnetic field laws. These two electromagnetic field laws are self-evident. It is also related. As long as one is true, the other is also true. The conflict between the theory of satisfying MaxwellˇŻs equation and these two laws shows that MaxwellˇŻs electromagnetic theory has problems. The author first thought that maybe the electromagnetic wave is a wave of reactive power, that is, the electric field and magnetic field of the electromagnetic wave maintain a 90-degree phase difference. The average value of energy transmitted by this wave is 0. However, MaxwellˇŻs equation does not support this kind of wave, so the author adds time reversal wave to MaxwellˇŻs electromagnetic theory. The time reversal wave causes the reverse collapse of the electromagnetic wave. In this way, electromagnetic waves will not overflow the universe. The propagation of electromagnetic wave energy can be completed by mutual energy flow. The author believes that the mutual energy flow is photon. Recently, the author studied the energy flow transfer from the primary coil to the secondary coil of the transformer. Studying the energy flow transfer from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna, it is found that the electromagnetic wave should be reactive power, otherwise it is difficult to establish the physical model of the receiving electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the author began to replace the concept of reverse collapse of electromagnetic wave with reactive power electromagnetic wave. Recently, the author studied the measurement of magnetic field and found that the quasi-static magnetic field can be measured by ring current or straight wire. The values obtained by the two methods are identical. However, for the magnetic field of electromagnetic wave, the measurement with ring antenna and straight-wire antenna has different phases. If the correct method for measuring magnetic field should be straight-wire antenna rather than circular current antenna, then the definition of magnetic field of electromagnetic wave must be revised. The author revised the definition of magnetic field of electromagnetic wave. After the revision, the two laws of electromagnetic field proposed by the author were satisfied. The author believes that the definition of magnetic field of electromagnetic wave in MaxwellˇŻs electromagnetic theory is wrong. However, the definition of electric field in MaxwellˇŻs electromagnetic wave theory is still valid. This ensures that MaxwellˇŻs electromagnetic theory is still correct for most engineering problems. Because the reception of electromagnetic waves mainly involves the induced electromotive force, which is only related to the electric field and has nothing to do with the definition of magnetic field. The problems caused by this defect of MaxwellˇŻs theory are mainly problems related to wave-particle duality. The correction of this defect leads us to correctly explain the collapse of waves, the shape of photons, quantum entanglement and other phenomena. If the electromagnetic wave is a reactive power wave, in fact, the wave of other particles, such as the wave of electrons satisfies Schrodinger equation and Dirac equation, may also be reactive power. In short, due to the modification of the definition of magnetic field of electromagnetic wave, the definition of many physical quantities will be affected.},
doi={10.12691/ijp-11-3-2}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}