@article{ijp2013113,
author={{Semwal, Kireet and Bhatt, S. C.},
title={Study of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion as a Dopant in YAG and Glass Laser},
journal={International Journal of Physics},
volume={1},
number={1},
pages={15--21},
year={2013},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijp/1/1/3},
abstract={Trivalent neodymium (Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>) is the most successful type of active ion for solid-state lasers and thus far has been made to lase in more types of crystal and glass hosts than any other ion. It can operate as either a pulsed or continuous-wave laser with a sharp emission line. The most common emission wavelength is near 1&#956;m, but there are several possible laser transitions in the near-infrared spectral region, and in addition a near-ultraviolet laser line. Although the effects of different host environments on the spectroscopic properties of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> are more subtle than those for transition-metal ions, they can cause significant differences in lasing characteristics through changes in physical processes such as radiative transition strength, radiationless decay probabilities, excited-state absorption, and cross relaxation quenching. The Nd ion when doped into a solid-state host crystal produces the strongest emission at a wavelength just beyond 1&#956;m. The two host materials most commonly used for this laser ion are yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) and glass. At room temperature the 1.064&#956;m radiative transition is homogeneous broadened with a narrow emission line width of 0.45nm and the upper level lifetime is 230&#956;s. Nd can be doped to very high concentration in glass. The outstanding practical advantage compared to crystalline materials is the tremendous size capability for high-energy applications. The fluorescent lifetime is approximately 300&#956;s, and, the emission line width is 18-28nm.},
doi={10.12691/ijp-1-1-3}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}