eng Science and Education Publishing International Journal of Celiac Disease 2334-3486 2020-04-27 8 1 28 31 10.12691/ijcd-8-1-5 IJCD2020815 article Hugh J. Freeman Corresponding author: hugfree@shaw.ca 1 Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been increasingly used in cancer treatment with significant improvements in overall survival. A downside of these agents has been the emergence of novel intestinal diseases as reflected by development of diarrhea, sometimes severe, in at least 10%. In some, an immune-mediated enterocolitis may often develop. This may be severe, difficult to manage and result in a fatal outcome. Less well appreciated, however, are other less commonly detected forms of colitis, such as collagenous colitis, along with small bowel changes, specifically, sprue-like intestinal disease, apparently occurring as an independent inflammatory process. Taken together, these are likely to represent different pathological phenotypic expressions of treatment toxicity in the intestinal tract following management of cancer with checkpoint inhibitors. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijcd/8/1/5/ijcd-8-1-5.pdf celiac disease sprue-like intestinal disease enteritis enterocolitis checkpoint inhibitors advanced malignancy metastatic melanoma