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Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
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American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
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Immunopathology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Iulia Lupan, Alexandru Pirvan, Genel Sur, Gabriel Samasca, Diana Deleanu, Carmen Abrudan, Giulia Diana Alexandru, Rahela Carpa*

Department of Microbiology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract: Celiac disease percentage is continuously increasing in recent years. Helicobacter pylori infection is found in more than 50% of the population. Recent studies have attempted to discover a link between celiac disease and H. pylori infection. We analyzed the main immunopathological aspects of celiac disease associated with H. pylori infection. If celiac disease is associated with H. pylori infection, clinical evidence can occur: gastric lymphocytosis, duodenal lymphocytosis.

Keywords: celiac disease, helicobacter pylori, immunology, pathology

Citation: Iulia Lupan, Alexandru Pirvan, Genel Sur, Gabriel Samasca, Diana Deleanu, Carmen Abrudan, Giulia Diana Alexandru, Rahela Carpa, Immunopathology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. International Journal of Celiac Disease, 4 (3). 80-81. January 2016. doi:10.12691/ijcd-4-3-4

1. Introduction

Previous studies showed a so-called Th1 immune response with an increased production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines that occur in the stomach, when the subject is infected with Helicobacter pylori, as well as in the small intestine, when the subject with celiac disease (CD) eats normal bread [1]. Today, this possible immunological association between H. pylori infection and CD is linked to the hygiene hypothesis. Hygiene hypothesis revealed that low exposure to bacterial antigens can trigger autoimmunity. H. pylori and CD are inversely related [2]. A low prevalence of Crohn's disease and CD was seen in H. pylori-positive patients [3].

Although the stomach was a hostile environment, Helicobacter pylori infection has been extensively studied since 1984 [4]. It is also well known that bacterial species prevail in the intestinal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD) [5] but little evidences were related linked to existing of H. pylori in the gut of patients with CD. Recent studies highlighted H. pylori infection and CD as main aspects of pediatric gastroenterology in recent years [6].

The aim of this study was to find current state of immunopathological knowledge about association of H. pylori infection and CD. A potential link between H. pylori and CD was analysed. We searched in PubMed database with the following keywords: H. pylori, CD, immunopathology. Only relevant papers were included in our present study.

2. Gastric Lymphocytosis

Early studies showed that lymphocytic gastritis was associated with CD, but H. pylori infection was not showed in children with lymphocytic gastritis [7] and the relationship between lymphocytic gastritis and CD required further elucidation [8]. Lymphocytic gastritis occurred most often in CD, but rarely with other entities [9]. More recent studies have shown that CD might be associated with H. pylori gastritis, but clinical presentation of CD was not affected [10]. A pathogenic relationship between CD and lymphocytic gastritis was highlighted. H. pylori might be another cause of lymphocytic gastritis in children [11]. So the main causes of lymphocytic gastritis were H. pylori infection and CD [12]. When the histopathological result showed lymphocytosis alone, lymphocytic gastritis was associated with CD and not with H. Pylori infection. But when the histopathological result showed significant infiltration of neutrophils, the diagnosis would be "chronic active gastritis", often associated with H. pylori infection [13].

3. Duodenal Lymphocytosis

The first studies showed that in some patients, increased duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes could be due to an autoimmune response to H. pylori [14]. The presence / absence of H. pylori were independent of normalization of duodenal mucosa to CD patients [15]. The most common duodenitis etiology were: CD (32%), Crohn's disease (13%), ulcerative colitis (3%) and H. pylori infection (6%) [16]. There were no statistically significant differences of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes according to H. pylori status among children with CD: 73.1 (± 26.1) positive vs. 72.6 (± 26.5) negative [17]. H. pylori prevalence was similar in patients with CD and controls, and higher in patients with minor duodenal injuries [18]. H. pylori infection seems to be less frequent in patients with CD and villous atrophy suggesting that histological damage appears to be similar in patients with H. pylori infection [19]. Therefore, H. pylori infection is one of the main causes of duodenal lymphocytosis and together with HLA are strong predictors for CD development [20].

4. Conclusions

There are many “for” and “against” conclusions on immunopathological association between CD and H. pylori infection. But if celiac disease is associated with H. pylori infection, clinical evidence can occur: gastric lymphocytosis, duodenal lymphocytosis.

References

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[16]   | Alper A, Hardee S, Rojas-Velasquez D, Escalera S, Morotti RA, Pashankar DS. Prevalence and Clinical, Endoscopic, and Pathological Features of Duodenitis in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016; 62: 314-316.
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[19]   | Lasa J, Zubiaurre I, Dima G, Peralta D, Soifer L. HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE: results from a cross-sectional study. Arq Gastroenterol. 2015; 52: 139-142.
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