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Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
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American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
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Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
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Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

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I am looking forward to hearing from you.

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David Rain
Email:join@sciepub.com
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Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

To unsubscribe from our mailing list, please click on the following link: unsubscribe

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

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David Rain
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Astaxanthin for Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Aaron Lerner, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho*, Carina Benzvi

Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (NUPEN), School of Nutrition from the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract: Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is an abundant carotenoid in marine organisms and a very potent natural compound with remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory conditions with excessive oxidative stress. Since non-pharmacological therapy is expanding and natural ingredients are gradually introduced to the therapeutic argumentum of rheumatic diseases, astaxanthin might be a potential candidate. A systematic review on the topic disclosed only one study with some beneficial effects on Sjogren’s syndrome. Supplementation with Ast might represent a good candidate to evaluate. Further studies on Astaxanthin are highly needed.

Keywords: astaxanthin, rheumatic diseases, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative

Received November 14, 2024; Revised December 16, 2024; Accepted December 22, 2024

Citation: Aaron Lerner, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho, Carina Benzvi, Astaxanthin for Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Celiac Disease, 12 (1). 16-18. January 2024. doi:10.12691/ijcd-12-1-3

1. Introduction

Astaxanthin (Ast) is a reddish-orange compound that belongs to the carotenoid family, which is widely found in fishes such as sea bream and salmon and crustaceans such as crab and shrimp. An essential function of carotenoids such as Ast is to intercept the chlorophyll triplet state to prevent the formation of singlet oxygen or quench the singlet oxygen molecule directly [1] [2]. Called the "king of Ketocarotenoids) [2], and being a member of the xanthophyll family as an oxygenated derivative of carotenoids, it can be extracted from lycopene-reach plant extracts.

In recent years, the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of Ast have been implicated in preventive mechanisms for many disorders, such as endometriosis, fatigue, and dyslipidemia, but also for Parkinson's disease and cancer, and other diseases [3] [4] [5].

Considering that rheumatic diseases are inflammatory with excessive reactive oxygen species load [6] [7], also linked to significant fatigue and dyslipidemia [8] [9], it is fair to assume that Ast may have a role in rheumatic disorders.

2. Material and Methods

A thorough literature search in PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS without any lingual restriction to language was performed, spanning the period between January 1965 to April 2023. The following MeSH entry terms were used: "astaxanthin" AND "rheumatic" OR “rheumatologic” OR “systemic lupus erythematosus” OR “lupus” OR “fibromyalgia” OR “rheumatoid arthritis” OR “spondyloarthritis” OR “Sjögren’s syndrome” OR “myositis” OR “systemic sclerosis” OR “vasculitis” OR “Takayasu disease” OR “Wegener’s disease” OR “granulomatosis with polyangiitis” OR “Kawasaki’s disease” OR “polyarteritis nodosa” OR “Livedoid vasculitis” OR Churg-Strauss” OR “eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis” OR "osteoarthritis" OR "gout" were used. The reference lists of the selected articles were analyzed to identify additional publications. Initially, two authors (JFC, Al) performed the literature search and independently selected the study abstracts. In the second stage, the same authors independently read the full-text articles selected by abstracts. PRISMA guidelines were followed [10].

3. Results

Only one paper fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the present systematic review after scrutinizing titles and abstracts [11]. In that article, Yamada et al. [11], evaluated the reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of Ast on three models.

1. Human salivary gland epithelial cell line (HSY),

2. Salivary secretion in a mouse model of irradiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction, and

3. Ast supplementation, 12mg/day in 6 patients with Sjogren’s syndrome for 2 weeks. Ast partially suppressed oxidative stress in HSY cells.

In the mouse model, suppression of irradiation-induced hyposalivation was observed. Ast supplementation increased salivary output in both the Sjogren’s syndrome and control groups. hexanoyl-lysine, an oxidative stress marker, was reduced after Ast intake, in the patients' saliva. The authors concluded that Ast might act as a reactive oxygen species scavenger, providing benefits to Sjogren’s syndrome patients with impaired salivary secretion.

4. Discussion

Sjogren’s syndrome is an inflammatory oxidative rheumatic condition [12], whereby Ast consumption was suggested to benefit the patients. The results of Yamada et al. [11] are encouraging, but, Ast was evaluated only in Sjogren’s syndrome, and the study can't be extrapolated to another rheumatic entity. The strengths of the current study are, 1. utilization of international criteria for rheumatic disorders; 2. inclusion of all research on Ast in rheumatic conditions; 3. conducting a thorough literature search.

Taking into account the potential beneficial effects of Ast [3] [4] [5], (Figure 1) and the paucity of well-designed clinical trials, there is an urgent need for future research on the effects of Ast on rheumatic disorders. Nutritional interventions, to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and pains in rheumatic disease, are actually expanding [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]. Supplementation with Ast might represent a good candidate to evaluate.

In conclusion, only one study was found, demonstrating some benefit of Ast in Sjögren’s syndrome patients. Further exploration of Ast supplementation in rheumatic disease is highly needed.

Figure 1. Potential clinical effects and mode of action of astaxanthin

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None

Author's Contributions

JFC, AL: screened the literature, designed and wrote the manuscript, CB: screened the literature, and edited the manuscript. The three authors agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Disclosure of Interest

The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Funding

None

References

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