eng Science and Education Publishing International Journal of Celiac Disease 2334-3486 2022-09-05 10 1 11 16 10.12691/ijcd-10-1-7 IJCD20221017 article Aaron Lerner aaronlerner1948@gmail.com 1 2 Carina Benzvi 2 Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Israel Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in oncology; however, they have short and long-term side effects. A major one is the surge in autoimmune diseases. The number of those conditions is continuously increasing, and recently, celiac disease was added to the list. Since celiac disease is associated with CTLA-4 polymorphism and since the disease is underdiagnosed and since the patient is at risk for various cancers, upon anti-CTRA-4 immune therapy, the loss of function of the CTLA-4 protein can predispose them to overt celiac disease. The present review highlights some potential mechanisms for CTLA-4 dysfunction, putting the patients at risk of celiac disease induction. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijcd/10/1/7/ijcd-10-1-7.pdf checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy cancer CTLA-4 polymorphism celiac disease pathophysiology