<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<records>
<record>
<language>eng</language>
<publisher>Science and Education Publishing</publisher>
<journalTitle>American Journal of Educational Research</journalTitle>
<eissn>2327-6150</eissn>
<publicationDate>2022-04-15</publicationDate>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<startPage>223</startPage>
<endPage>232</endPage>
<doi>10.12691/education-10-4-10</doi>
<publisherRecordId>EDUCATION202210410</publisherRecordId>
<documentType>article</documentType>
<title language="eng">A Gaussian-Bernoulli Mixed Na&#239;ve Bayes Approach to Predict Students¡¯ Academic Procrastination Tendencies in Online Mathematics Learning</title>
<authors>
<author>
<name>Charles Darwin O. Godinez</name>
<email>charlesdarwingodinez@gmail.com</email>
<affiliationId>1</affiliationId>
</author>
<author>
<name>Laila S. Lomibao</name>
<affiliationId>2</affiliationId>
</author>

</authors>
<affiliationsList>
<affiliationName affiliationId="1">Basic Education Department, St. Rita¡¯s College of Balingasag, Misamis Oriental, Philippines</affiliationName>
<affiliationName affiliationId="2">College of Science and Technology Education, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines</affiliationName>
</affiliationsList>
<abstract language="eng">The abrupt shift of learning venue from face-to-face to online distance learning actually instigated many pedagogical problems such as students¡¯ tendencies to procrastinate on tasks and assignments required as learners take on independent and active role. Delayed and unsubmitted tasks then result to poor academic performance. In this paper, a method for the early detection of academic procrastination tendencies in online mathematics learning was explored using educational data mining methods. Thirty-five (35) input features were retrieved from a repository of student data from St. Rita¡¯s College of Balingasag, Philippines. K-modes clustering was used for output label clustering, the Boruta Algorithm for feature selection, and a Gaussian-Bernoulli mixed Na&#239;ve Bayes algorithm for model building, all implemented in RStudio. Focus Group Discussions were also performed to triangulate results of the model as well as suggest actions for mathematics¡¯ educators based on students¡¯ experiences. The results revealed that only 14 features out of the 35 identified features are relevant in predicting students¡¯ procrastination tendencies and our Gaussian-Bernoulli Mixed Na&#239;ve Bayes model can successfully predict students¡¯ later procrastination behaviors ¨C whether they are Non Procrastinators, Low, Moderate, or High Procrastinators ¨C with a testing accuracy of 89% and Kappa Score of 84%. Mathematics¡¯ educators can utilize this model to forecast and take actions to prevent the adverse effects of students¡¯ procrastination.</abstract>
<fullTextUrl format="pdf">http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/10/4/10/education-10-4-10.pdf</fullTextUrl>
<keywords language="eng"><keyword>academic procrastination</keyword>
<keyword>online learning</keyword>
<keyword>educational data mining</keyword>
</keywords>
</record>
</records>
