Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

To unsubscribe from our mailing list, please click on the following link: unsubscribe

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Kind regards,

David Rain
Email:join@sciepub.com
Science and Education Publishing (http://www.sciepub.com)

Mathematical Study of Blood Flow in a Circular Tube of Varying Cross-section of Non-newtonian Biviscous Incompressible Fluid in the Permeable Wall

Anil Kumar

Department of Applied Science (Mathematics), Chandigarh Engineering College Landran Mohali Punjab

Abstract: The present paper, consider a pulsatile fluid flow of blood in a circular tube with permeable wall of varying cross-section has been investigatation of non- Newtonian biviscous incompressible fluid. The governing equations are solved by perturbation scheme. The results are depicts of wall shear stress and pressure drop have been discussed and shown graphically of suction and injection.

Keywords: pulsatile motion, slip flow, biviscous fluid, leakage parameter, permeability parameter

Citation: Anil Kumar, Mathematical Study of Blood Flow in a Circular Tube of Varying Cross-section of Non-newtonian Biviscous Incompressible Fluid in the Permeable Wall. Biomedical Science and Engineering, 5 (1). 1-4. January 2017. doi:10.12691/bse-5-1-1

1. Introduction

The control of the blood pressure has been possible by using porous effect in cases of cholesterol and related diseases. For describing the mechanics of red blood cell motion in narrow capillaries, we distinguish two situations according to the convenience with which the cells fit into the vessels. Womersley [1,2] considered the oscillatory flow in a cylindrical tube with uniform cross-section. Lee and Fung [3] studied the flow of blood through an artery with an axisymmetric stenosis taking blood as a Newtonian fluid. Bitoun Bellet [6] studied pulsatile flow of blood with reference to stenosis in microcirculation. Radhakrishnamacharya et al. [8] and Prasad et al. [9] studied the pulsatile flow of blood in circular tubes of varying cross-section with Suction/injection. But the non- Newtonian property is not taken into consideration in these studies. Nakayama and Sawada [13] studied the flow of a non- Newtonian fluid through an axisymmetric stenosis numerically. The pulsatile flow of a non- Newtonian biviscous fluid through a tube with varying cross-section and non- permeable walls in presence of external magnetic field has been analysed by Elnaby et al. [14]. Sanyal et al. [15] investigated the pulsatile flow of biviscous fluid through a tube of varying cross-section with suction/injection. But they considered no effect of slip velocity at the wall of the tube and so the effect of slip velocity has been neglected. Our main object in the present work is to study the pulsatile motion of blood in a circular tube of permeable wall and varying cross-section in presence of slip velocity at the tube wall. In this analysis, we assume that blood is a non- Newtonian biviscous fluid and the blood vessel is a straight, rigid circular tube of varying cross-section. Kumar at el. [18] founded computational technique for flow in blood vessels with porous effects and their using Galerkin finite element method. Gupta [19] investigated a performance and analysis of blood flow through carotid artery and their using finite element method. Gupta [20] made performance modeling and mechanical behaviour of blood vessel in the presence of magnetic effects and they are using finite difference method.

2. Mathematical Model

In the present communication of pulsatile motion for an incompressible non- Newtonian biviscous fluid in an axi-symmetric rigid circular tube of varying cross-section and permeable wall with slip flow is considered.

Then the radius of the tube is given by

[picture] | (1)

The governing equation of the pulsatile flow of an incompressible non- Newtonian fluid obeying biviscosity model axisymmetric circular artery are given by:

[picture] | (2)

[picture] | (3)

[picture] | (4)

The normal component of the fluid velocity at the tube wall is given by

[picture] | (5)

where is the steady state suction/injection velocity, is the ratio of the amplitudes of the oscillatory and steady parts of the suction/injection velocity and is the frequency of the oscillation.

The non-dimensional form is given below:

[picture] | (6)

[picture] | (7)

[picture] | (8)

[picture] | (9)

where is the Reynolds number of entrance flow, is Womersley’s parameter, is the leakage parameter and and and .

3. Perturbation Technique

We assume that the pulsatile flow consists of the steady part and the oscillatory part of small amplitude of oscillation such that the terms of the order can be neglected (ie ) and the expression of vortices and stream function are given by

[picture] | (10)

The shear stress is given by

Then using the boundary conditions at and equations (6) and (7), we obtain the dimensionless wall shear stress are given by:

[picture] | (11)

The pressure drop are given by

[picture] | (12)

where

4. Results and Discussion

The real part of dimensionless streamlines is plotted for different values of slip parameter, Reynolds number and upper limit of apparent viscosity in Figure 1 of the value of decreases in the converging region and increases in the diverging region of the tube. From Figure 2, Figure 3, it is seen that the similar results occur for a locally constricted tube. The effects of different parameters on the real part of dimensionless pressure drop are indicated graphically through Figure 2. And Figure 3 depicts that of the decreases with increase in and increases with increase in for both suction and injection velocities.

Figure 1. ψ vs z for sinusiodal tube with injection at the permeable wall

Figure 2. Δp vs z for sinusoidal tube with suction at the permeable wall

Figure 3. Δp vs z for sinusoidal tube with injection at the permeable wall

5. Conclusions and Applications

This investigation helps us to note that the influence of permeable parameter in the pressure drop is much significant and decreases rapidly with increases in slip parameter. It is also to be noted that this presentation help us to draw the flow characteristic of blood and the wall shear stress on the inner permeable wall of capillaries and small blood vessels where suction, injection and slip velocities arises and Reynolds number is very low. So, this investigation may be helpful in various fields of medical science.

References

[1]   | Womersley, JR.. Method for the calculation of velocity, rate of flow and viscous drag in arteries when the pressure gradient is known, Journal of physiology, 127 (1955) 553-563.
[2]   | Womersley, JR.. Oscillatory motion of a viscous liquid in a thin-walled elastic tube. I. The linear approximation for long waves, Phil. Mag., 46 (1955) 199-221.
[3]   | Lee, JS., Fung, YC.. Flow in locally constricted tubes at low Reynolds number, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 37 (1970) 9-16.
[4]   | Rao, AR., Devanathan, R.. Pulsatile flow in tubes of varying cross-section, Z.A.M.P., 24 (1973) 203-213.
[5]   | Schneck, DJ., Ostrach, S.. Pulsatile blood flow in a channel of small exponential divergence-I. The linear approximation for low mean Reynolds number, Journal of Fluids Engineering., 16 (1975) 353-360.
[6]   | Bitoun, JP., Bellet, D.. Blood flow through a stenosis in micro-circulation, Biorheology, 23 (1986) 51-61.
[7]   | Manton, MJ.. Low Reynolds number flow in slowly varying axisymmetric tubes, Journal of Fluid Mech., 49 (1971) 451-459.
[8]   | Radhakrishnamacharya, G., Chandra, P., Kaimal, MR.. A hydro dynamical study of flow in renal tubule, Bull. Math. Biol., 43 (1981) 151-163.
[9]   | Chandra, P., Prasad, JS.. Pulsatile flow in circular tubes of varying cross-section with suction/injunction, J. Austral. Math. Soc., 35 (1994) 336-381.
[10]   | Chow, JCF.. Blood flow theory, effective viscosity and effects of particle distribution, Bull. Math. Biol., 37 (1975) 472-488.
[11]   | Hill, CD., Bedford, A.. A model for erythrocyte sedimentation, Biorheology, 18 (1981) 255.
[12]   | Srivastava, LM., Agarwal, RP.. Oscillating flow of a conducting fluid with a suspension of spheical particles, J. Appl. Mech., 47 (1980) 196.
[13]   | Nakayama, M., Sawada, TJ.. Numerical study on the flow of a non- Newtonian fluid through an axisymmetric stenosis, Biomech. Eng., 110 (1988) 137.
[14]   | Elnaby, MA., Eldabe, NT M., Abou Zied, MY., Sanyal, DC.: Mathematical analysis on M.H.D. pulsatile flow of a non- Newtonian fluid through a tube with varying cross-section, J. of Inst. of Math. and Comp. Sci., 20 (2007) 29-42.
[15]   | Sanyal, DC., Das, K., Debnath, S.. Pulsatile flow of biviscous fluid through a tube of varying cross-section, International Journal of computational Intelligence and Healthcare Informatics, 1 (2008) 1-8.
[16]   | Raoufpanah, A., Rad, M., Borujerdi AN.. Effects of slip condition on the characteristic of flow in ice melting process, IJE Transactions B: Applications 18 (2005), 1-9.
[17]   | Das.K.. Heat transfer peristaltic transport with slip condition in an asymmetric porous channel, IJE Transactions B: Applications, 24(3)(2011), 293-307.
[18]   | Kumar, Anil, Varshney, C.L. and Sharma, G.C. (2005) Computational technique for flow in blood vessels with porous effects. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, (2005)26, 63-72.
[19]   | Anil Kumar Gupta (2011). Performance and analysis of blood flow through carotid artery, International Journal of Engineering and Business Management vol. 3(4) pp 1-6.
[20]   | Anil Kumar Gupta (2013). Performance modeling and mechanical behaviour of blood vessel in the presence of magnetic effects, African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 5 (3): 149-155.