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Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Different Skin Diseases of Santals at Abdullahpur Village under Akkelpur Upazilla of Joypurhat District, Bangladesh

A.H.M. Mahbubur Rahman

Rajshahi University, Bangladesh

Abstract: A survey on ethno-medicinal plants used in the treatment of skin diseases in the village Abdullahpur under Akkelpur Upazilla of Joypurhat district, Bangladesh has been conducted during November 2012 to October 2013. The information on the utilization of the medicinal plants for above purpose was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers/herbalists/kabiraj. The investigation revealed that 41 medicinal plants belonging to 25 families and 41 genera are used in the treatment of skin disease in Joypurhat district, Bangladesh.

Keywords: medicinal plants, treatment, skin diseases, Santals, Joypurhat, Bangladesh

Received November 24, 2013; Revised November 28, 2013; Accepted December 11, 2013

Citation: A.H.M. Mahbubur Rahman, Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Different Skin Diseases of Santals at Abdullahpur Village under Akkelpur Upazilla of Joypurhat District, Bangladesh. Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 1 (2). 17-20. January 2013. doi:10.12691/bb-1-2-4

1. Introduction

Akkelpur is an Upazilla of Joypurhat District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Akkelpur is located at 24°58′30″N 89°01′15″E 24.9750°N 89.0208°E, with a total area of 139.47 km². It is the smallest Upozila in Joypurhat Zila. As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Akkelpur has a population of 126,046, with It has 24,475 units of household as of the 1991 Census. Males constitute 52.9% of the population, and females 47.1%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 68033. Akkelpur has an average literacy rate of 34% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate. The annual rainfall is 1350mm. Temperature of the area is low in January varies from 9.0C to 14.1C. From February an increasing trend of temperature is found up to April and thereafter temperature start to decline. In April temperature varies from 22.6C to 36.9C. The mean relative humidity is found to be low in March (65%) and high in July-September (88-89%) [4].

The documentation and assessment of the traditional medicinal knowledge is very important for our society, ethno-botanist over the world has been actively working to collect document of the indigenous medicinal plants. Ethno-botanical studies on medicinal plants were done by [2,3,5,7,9,11,12,15-24]. The aim of the present study was to assess the plant species used for medicinal values as treatment of skin disorder specially.

2. Materials and Methods

Ethno-botanical data were collected through survey during November 2012 to October 2013 with traditional healers, local knowledgeable person, old age men and tribal doctors in the field trips. During the interview local names, useful part of the plant, method of drug preparation and dosage. The plant species were identified with the help of regional and local floras [1,4,8,13]. The method of collection of voucher specimens, their preservation herbaria and technique for the collection of ethno-medico-botanical information follows Jain and Rao [10].

3. Results and Discussion

In the present survey, a total of 41 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 25 families were recorded (Table 1). Out of these plants species, 23 belonged to herbs, 9 trees, 3 shrubs, and 6 climbers (Table 2). For each species scientific name, local name, family, habit, mode of uses and part(s) used are provided. The most frequently used species for the treatment of different skin diseases are Acalypha indica, Achyranthes aspera, Aristolachia indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Albizia procera, Annona squamosa, Ficus benghalensis, Carica papaya, Centella asiatica, Coccinia grandis, Cynodon dactylon, Croton bonplandianum, Elipta alba, Lawsonia inermis, Mikania cordata, Tridax procumbens, Vernonia patula, Xanthium indicum and Youngia japonica.

Use of plant parts as medicine shows variation (Table 3). Leaves (58.53%) are the leading part used in a majority of medicinal plants followed by 19.51% whole plant, 4.87% bark, 2.43% stem, 2.43% flower, 2.43% root, 2.43% spine, 2.43% wood, 2.43% Rhizome and 4.87% latex. Distribution of medicinal plant species in the families shows variation (Table 4). Asteraceae is represented by 9 species; Fabaceae is represented by 4 species. Each of Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Polygonaceae and Menispermaceae is represented by 2 species. A single species in each was recorded by 18 families. The survey indicated that the common medicinal plant families in the study area are Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Moraceae, Menispermaceae, Polygonaceae and Zingiberaceae. This finding of common medicinal plant families in the study is in agreement with [6,25].

Table 1. An enumeration of plants and their use of medicinal purposes by Santals living of Joypurhat, Bangladesh

Table 2. Analysis of the data based on habit showed that leading medicinal plants species

Table 3. Number of plant parts used for medicinal purpose

Table 4. Distribution of species among different families

4. Conclusions

The present findings are the first record of traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of different skin diseases by Santals Joypurhat district of Bangladesh using standard research protocols. A total of 41 plant species under 41 genera of 25 families have been documented which are used for the treatment of different skin diseases. It can be concluded that the tribal people of study area have very good knowledge on the use of medicinal plants. But such knowledge of medicinal plants is restricted to a few persons in an rural area. Therefore it is necessary that suitable requirements are needed in order to protect the traditional knowledge in particular area with reference to medicinal plants utilization and it was found that traditional ethno-medicine still persists among the Santals in Joypurhat district of Bangladesh.

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to the Santals of Joypurhat district for their co-operation and help during the Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of different Skin diseases.

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