@article{ajwr2018621,
author={{Mande, Seyf-Laye Alfa-Sika and Liu, Mingzhu and Tchakala, Ibrahim and Chen, Honghan},
title={Water-Rock Interaction Effect on Evolution of Total Hardness in Groundwater in Urban},
journal={American Journal of Water Resources},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={48--52},
year={2018},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajwr/6/2/1},
issn={2333-4819},
abstract={Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in Beijing city. However, groundwater has undergone intensive total hardness pollution caused by water-rock interaction and by human activities. Analysis of monitoring data of 30 years shows that the high concentration of total hardness is relationship with carbonate mineral dissolution and cation exchange. But speciation calculations of two flow path using the hydrogeochemical modeling code PHREEQC indicated that the annual contribution of carbonate dissolution and cation exchange to concentration of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> is less than 1 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP>, which was far less than that observed. The results illustrated that carbonate mineral dissolution and cation exchange in aquifers play a small role in the contribution of groundwater chemical evolution, and also imply other anthropogenic sources exist indirectly.},
doi={10.12691/ajwr-6-2-1}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}