eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Water Resources 2333-4819 2017-01-14 5 1 5 12 10.12691/ajwr-5-1-2 AJWR2017512 article Bhavtosh Sharma bhavtoshchem@gmail.com 1 Prashant Singh 2 Rajendra Dobhal 3 V.K. Saini 4 Manju Sundriyal 4 Shashank Sharma 5 S.K. Khanna 5 Uttarakahnd Science Education & Research Centre (USERC), Dehradun - 248006, Uttarakhand, India Department of Chemistry, DAV Post Graduate College, Dehradun - 248001, Uttarakhand, India Uttarakhand Council for Science & Technology, Vigyan Dham, Jhajhara, - 248 007, Uttarakhand, India School of Environment & Natural Resources (SENR), Doon University, Kedarpur, Dehradun- 248 001, Uttarakhand, India Department of Chemistry, JMIETI (Kurukshetra University), Radaur- 135133, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India The fluoride is an essential nutrient for human beings which occur in the surface as well as in groundwater. In surface water, it reaches due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources but in groundwater, it mainly comes from geogenic sources. Authorities like World Health Organization (WHO), United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and Bureau of India Standard (BIS) have provided guidelines regarding the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. A higher fluoride concentration in drinking water results in fluorosis. Therefore, the understanding of fluoride occurrence, its detection and removal from drinkable water is the urgent requirement. The chemical behavior of fluoride, the reasons for fluoride concentration in groundwater, the fluoride detection methods, and some case studies on the occurrence of fluoride in fresh water bodies of Uttarakhand are summarized. The effectiveness of different techniques for removal of fluoride from water samples has been reviewed. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajwr/5/1/2/ajwr-5-1-2.pdf fluoride freshwater detection methods Uttarakhand India defluoridation material