eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Systems and Software 2372-7071 2015-08-26 3 4 73 82 10.12691/ajss-3-4-1 AJSS2015341 article José Luis Usó-Doménech 1 Josué-Antonio Nescolarde-Selva josue.selva@ua.es 1 Miguel Lloret-Climent 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain In this paper, the authors extend and generalize the methodology based on the dynamics of systems with the use of differential equations as equations of state, allowing that first order transformed functions not only apply to the primitive or original variables, but also doing so to more complex expressions derived from them, and extending the rules that determine the generation of transformed superior to zero order (variable or primitive). Also, it is demonstrated that for all models of complex reality, there exists a complex model from the syntactic and semantic point of view. The theory is exemplified with a concrete model: MARIOLA model. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajss/3/4/1/ajss-3-4-1.pdf complex system flow equations mathematical model seme sememe state equations transformed function