eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Public Health Research 2327-6703 2023-02-20 11 2 51 55 10.12691/ajphr-11-2-2 AJPHR20231122 article Sultana A. Al-Sadoon s-alsadoon@psmmc.med.sa 1 Lojaen S. Sendy 2 Mohammed Al-Dhubaiban 3 Saad M. Al-Manea 4 Paediatric Dentistry Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Paediatric Dentistry Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Paediatric Dentistry Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Purpose: This study aimed to ascertain the fluoride concentrations in infant formula (baby milk) sold in pharmacies situated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to confirm the accuracy of the fluoride quantities declared on the package. Methods: 26 different infant formulae product samples from 13 manufacturers were obtained from pharmacies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Two different products from the same manufacturer measured fluoride concentrations (one product for the 0-6 months age group and one for the 1-3 years age group) using a combination fluoride-ion-selective electrode. Results: The average concentration of fluoride for all the samples measured was 0.987 µg/g. In all but one sample, there was a wide difference between the declared Fluoride concentrations and what was measured. The difference was smallest in Humana Bebemil 1 which had 0.84 µg/g (measured) and 0.75 µg/g (declared). The average intake of fluoride is way below the recommended daily allowance. The quantities of fluoride that can potentially be consumed, depending on the brand, ranged from 0.115 mg/day to 0.206 mg/day. Conclusion: All the analyzed infant formulae did not reveal fluoride concentrations above the recommended daily allowance. One can cautiously assume that there is no risk for children to suffer from over-exposure to fluoride. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajphr/11/2/2/ajphr-11-2-2.pdf fluoride baby milk formula concentration over-exposure risk