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American Journal of Public Health Research
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BriefTrends: Prevalence of no Muscle Strengthening Exercise by Weight Status in U.S. High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2019

Peter D. Hart

Health Promotion Research, Havre, Montana, USA, Kinesmetrics Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32308

Abstract: This BriefTrends examines the prevalence (%) of no muscle strengthening exercise in U.S. high school students in 2019 both overall and across different weight status categories.

Keywords: muscle strengthening exercise, YRBS, public health, adolescent health

Received September 22, 2022; Revised October 27, 2022; Accepted November 08, 2022

Citation: Peter D. Hart, BriefTrends: Prevalence of no Muscle Strengthening Exercise by Weight Status in U.S. High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2019. American Journal of Public Health Research, 10 (5). 174-175. January 2022. doi:10.12691/ajphr-10-5-3

1. Purpose

Briefly present the prevalence of no muscle strengthening exercise reported by U.S. high school students by weight status and by sex for 2019.

2. Data Source

The 2019 High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

3. Population

All U.S. public and private high school students grades 9 thru 12.

4. Variables

1) Muscle strengthening exercise status (Status of ‘No’ for those reporting 0 days to the question: During the past 7 days, on how many days did you do exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles, such as pushups, sit-ups, or weight lifting?, otherwise ‘Yes’.), 2) Weight status (‘Normal weight’: < 85th BMI percentile for age and sex, ‘Overweight’: ≥ 85th BMI percentile for age and sex and < 95th BMI percentile for age and sex, ‘Obese’: ≥ 95th BMI percentile for age and sex), and 3) sex.

5. Analysis

Prevalence (%) estimates of no muscle strengthening exercise, overall and by weight status and by sex, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalence estimates, and linear contrasts for trend in log odds across weight status groups. SAS Survey Procedures were used for estimates, CIs, and tests, version 9.4.

6. Findings

Figure 1. Prevalence of no muscle strengthening exercise reported by U.S. high school students, overall and by weight status and sex, YRBS 2019. Note. N represents respective overall sample size. Prevalence estimates (%) are weighted and shown above each bar. Estimates are for those reporting 0 days to the question: During the past 7 days, on how many days did you do exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles, such as pushups, sit-ups, or weight lifting? Weight status categories defined as follows: Normal weight: < 85th BMI percentile for age and sex, Overweight: ≥ 85th BMI percentile for age and sex and < 95th BMI percentile for age and sex, Obese: ≥ 95th BMI percentile for age and sex. Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence estimates. Linear trend p-values are for linear trend test of log odds across weight status levels

The prevalence of no muscle strengthening activity reported by high school students in 2019 overall was 29.7% (95% CI: 27.6-31.9). Significant sex differences were seen overall with female (35.8% 95% CI: 32.9-38.8) prevalence of no muscle strengthening exercise greater than the male prevalence (23.7% 95% CI: 21.9-25.5).

Sex differences remained within each weight status group. Finally, significant linear trend tests (ps < .0001) indicate greater prevalence of no muscle strengthening exercise for overweight and obese students, overall and within each sex group.

References

[1]   | Underwood JM, Brener N, Thornton J, et al. Overview and methods for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System—United States, 2019. In: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2019. MMWR Suppl 2020; 69(No. Suppl 1).
[2]   | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS): 2019 YRBS Data User’s Guide 2019. August, 2020.
[3]   | SAS Institute Inc. 2015. SAS/STAT® 14.1 User’s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.