@article{ajn2015321,
author={{Simone, Uliana De and Roda, Elisa and Signorini, Cinzia and Coccini, Teresa},
title={An integrated in Vitro and in Vivo Testing Approach to Assess Pulmonary Toxicity of Engineered Cadmium-Doped Silica Nanoparticles},
journal={American Journal of Nanomaterials},
volume={3},
number={2},
pages={40--56},
year={2015},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajn/3/2/1},
issn={2372-3122},
abstract={An <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing strategy for assessing the pulmonary effects was used to investigate the safety characteristics of silica nanoparticles doped with cadmium (Cd-SiNPs). In A549 cells, Cd-SiNPs (0.5-100 ¦Ìg/ml) caused (i) mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis at 1 ¦Ìg/ml, (ii) GSH depletion at 10¦Ìg/ml, (iii) membrane alterations at 25 ¦Ìg/ml, after 1-day, and (iv) cell growth and proliferation inhibition at 0.05 ¦Ìg/ml after prolonged exposure. Cd-SiNP effects were more pronounced compared to CdCl<SUB>2</SUB>. SiNPs affected GSH content only. <i>In vivo</i> results revealed early (1 day) and persistent (until 1 month) rat lung damage after intratracheal instillation of Cd-SiNPs (1mg/rat) in terms of enhanced apoptotic phenomena and altered lung parenchyma morphology. Cd-SiNPs and CdCl<SUB>2</SUB> caused a delayed occurrence of oxidative stress by increasing SOD1, iNOS, and F2-IsoPs. The latter was preceded by marked increase of F2-IsoPs levels in plasma. SiNPs did not cause oxidative stress. Cd-SiNPs showed a higher reactivity than CdCl<SUB>2</SUB> and SiNPs. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> data on Cd-SiNP toxicity suggest that the lung is a susceptible target tissue. These findings support the concept that multiple assays and an integrated testing strategy should be recommended to characterize toxicological response to NPs.},
doi={10.12691/ajn-3-2-1}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}