Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

To unsubscribe from our mailing list, please click on the following link: unsubscribe

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Kind regards,

David Rain
Email:join@sciepub.com
Science and Education Publishing (http://www.sciepub.com)

Characteristics and Treatment of Penile Paraffinoma in Makassar, Indonesia

Muhammad Asykar Palinrungi, Syakri Syahrir, Andhiny LR Palinrungi, Eko Krahmadi*, Prihantono Prihantono

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanudin University / Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract: Introduction and objective: Penile paraffinoma or an old term is sclerosing lipogranuloma of male genitalia, are injected mineral oils, like paraffin, or other materials have been used more often in Eastern Europe and Asia, to increase the circumferential of the penis. This study aims to know the distribution and management of the Penile paraffinoma. Materials and methods: This is a single center retrospective descriptive study from January 2009 to December 2016. The data was collected from the personal interview and medical record of the patients who treated in our institution in Makassar. We collect the age of patients, a reason to injected foreign bodies, the person who injected, satisfied status after injected, site of inflammation, a reason to operate, type of operation procedure, and complications after the operation. Results: a Total Fifty-seven patient who came to our institution. Age range 25-47 years old, 56% injected to enlarged the size of the penis, 86% injected by a nonmedical person. 87% not satisfied with the results after injection, 51% inflammation less than a half of shaft penis. 49% want to operate to release the pain, and 51% of the patients we treated only with partial excision and primary closure and the rest dealt with by one step radical excision and skin graft/flap or by two-step cutaneous plasty of the penile shaft with scrotal skin. Two patients need second radical excision. Conclusion: Penile paraffinoma is an entity product that occurs by injected foreign material for penile augmentation. The treatment often requires extensive penile reconstruction surgery involve complete excision of foreign bodies along with associated reaction followed by primary closure if possible.

Keywords: penile paraffinoma, foreign bodies, complete excision

Citation: Muhammad Asykar Palinrungi, Syakri Syahrir, Andhiny LR Palinrungi, Eko Krahmadi, Prihantono Prihantono, Characteristics and Treatment of Penile Paraffinoma in Makassar, Indonesia. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine, 5 (3). 53-55. January 2017. doi:10.12691/ajmsm-5-3-3

1. Introduction

Foreign modeling agent reactions are the result of the injection of unapproved high-viscosity fluids with the purpose of cosmetic body modeling. The most commonly injected sites are buttocks (38.5%), legs (18%), thighs (15.4%) breasts (11.8%), and penis (4.3%) [1].

No matter how often women reassure men that size does not matter, people still can’t help craving bigger ones.The obsession with a larger penis and its close relation to a person’s ego and attention to self-image effect a lot of man around the world [2].

Penile paraffinoma or in old term sclerosing lipogranuloma of male genitalia [3], are injected by mineral oils, like paraffin, have been used more often in Eastern Europe and Asia, subcutaneously and even intra-urethral [4], to increase the circumferential of the penis and make the sexual organ appears bigger [5].

The first paraffin injection into the male genitalia was reported by Gersuny in 1899 in which mineral oil was injected into the scrotum of a boy who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy for genital tuberculosis. [1,6,7,8] Now, penile augmentation by localized injection of foreign body was widely known as an inadequate medical procedure because of its severe destructive consequences [9,10].

2. Material and Methods

This is a single center retrospective descriptive study from January 2009 till December 2016. The data were collected from the personal interview and medical record of the patients who treated in Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University/ Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. We collect the age of patients, a reason to injected foreign bodies, the person who injected, satisfied status after injected, site of inflammation, a reason to operate, type of operation procedure, and complication after the operation.

3. Results

A total of 57 patients with age range 25-47 years old (mean 37.4 yo) who come to our institution. All patients have histories of paraffin, Vaseline, or oil injection for penile augmentation. The characteristic data are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Purpose of penile augmentation, person who inject, satisfaction status, site of inflammation, reason to operated, types of surgery, result after surgery

4. Discussion

Bigger sexual organ was the symbol of the power in many cultures [5]. Despite lack of available data, Most Asian countries are paternal society, and most Asian men wish to have a strong masculinity with a large penis [9].

A wide variety of foreign oils[6], including paraffin, mineral silicone, Vaseline, motor transmission fluid, cod liver oil, and autologous fat, as well as nandrolone decanoate and mercury, have been injected into the penis with the intent of augmentation [11].

Unfortunately the injection turn cause complication [3], the severity level was correlated to the amount of oil pumped and the time interval between injection and presentation [12], such as infection, allergic reaction, paraphimosis, severe pain, tenderness [3], ulcer [7], even inguinal lymphadenitis [11].

However the injection is still performed by a nonmedical person, and there is an illegal procedure, most of the patient are likely to be of low social status. Their primary motivation of penile injection is the recommendation of their acquaintances, who already experienced an injection of a foreign body [9].

In our cases, Most of the patients were trying to enlarge the penis (56 %), and the other wants to treat erectile dysfunction and to satisfy their sexual partner. Unfortunately, there was no evidence about their sexual potency. And Cause they don't know the complication after injected the foreign body, most of them have suffered from various side effects and want to remove the foreign material.

All patients have histories of paraffin, Vaseline, or oil injection for penile augmentation mostly by nonmedical person (86 %), and most of them (86 %) not satisfied with the result after injection, 10 patients (17,5 %) have inflammation, revealed hard consistency at the entire of the penis, scrotum and pubic (Figure 1a) 11 cases skin ulceration, and most of them (49 %) want to release the foreign body cause of pain when erection. All masses with overlying nonviable skin were excised with primary suture in 29 patients (51 %), in some cases, the whole penile skin had to be removed and two-step cutaneous plasty of the penile shaft with scrotal skin. (fig. 1b-d) Was performed 18 patient (32 %). Two patients (3 %) had recurrence and need second radical excision (Figure 2).

Treatment of penile paraffinoma includes intralesional steroid injection and hot water bath [13,14] and the aggressive wide excision [4,12] of the skin and subcutaneous skin infiltrated by the foreign material with appropriate phalloplasty. [12] The possibility of skin necrosis formation and the requirement for additional cures after excision depending on the penetration of foreign substance and degree of the dissection done should be noted [5].

Operatif treatment for penile paraffinoma by partial excision and primary closer [3], or one stage by using One-sheet spiraling full-thickness skin graft for penile resurfacing [15], bilateral scrotal flap [16], Inverted ventral V-Y plasty [17], Scrotal tunnel + ventral V-Y plasty, using the fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap [18], or two-stage cutaneous plasty of the penile shaft with scrotal skin [19].

Figure 1. Two-step cutaneous plasty of the penile shaft with scrotal skin: a. Preoperative appearance of penile paraffinoma; b. After the first stage; c. Inverted V shape incision; d. Final appearance

Figure 2. Recurrence after radical excision

5. Conclusion

Penile paraffinoma is an entity product that occurs by injected foreign material for penile augmentation. The treatment often requires extensive penile reconstruction surgery involve complete excision of foreign bodies along with associated reaction followed by primary closure if possible.

Acknowledgements

This article was presented as a poster at the 15th Urological Association of Asian Congress on August 4 – 6, 2017 in Hongkong.

References

[1]   | Martínez-Villarreal AA, Asz-Sigall D, Gutiérrez-Mendoza D, Serena TE, Lozano-Platonoff A, Sanchez-Cruz LY, et.al. A case series and a review of the literature on foreign modeling agent reaction: an emerging problem. Int Wound J, 2017; 14: 546-554.
[2]   | Rahman MNG, Khan AH. Penile siliconoma: a complication of unregulated penile augmentation with foreign material. International Journal of Surgical Research, 2015;4(1): 1-3.
[3]   | Bayractar N, Basar I. Penile paraffinoma. Case reports in urology, 2012; 12.
[4]   | Kokkonouzis I, Antoniou G, & Droulias A. Penis deformity after intra-urethral liquid paraffin administration in a young male: a case report. Cases journal, 2008; 1: 223.
[5]   | Karakan T, Ersoy E, Hasçiçek M, Özgür BC, Özcan, S, Aydın A. Injection of vaseline under penis skin for penis augmentation. Case reports in Urology, 2012.
[6]   | Eandi JA, Yao AP, Javidan J. Penile paraffinoma: the delayed presentation. Int Urol Nephrol, 2007; 39: 553-5.
[7]   | Singh M, Singh V, Clarence LCM. Penile paraffinoma. Med J Malaysia 2015; 70(6): 361-2.
[8]   | Picozzi SCM, Carmignani L. Paraffinoma of the penis. Int J Emerg Med, 2010; 3: 507-8.
[9]   | Moon DG, Yoo JW, Bae JH, Han CS, Kim YK, Kim JJ. Sexual function and psychological characteristics of penile paraffinoma. Asian J Androl, 2003; 5: 191-4.
[10]   | Ahmed U, Freeman A, Kirkham A, Ralph DJ, Minhas S, Muneer A. Self-injection of foreign material into the penis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2017; 2: e81-2.
[11]   | Eben I, Race A, Svebis M, Patyi M, Cserni G. Petroleum jelly-induced penile paraffinoma with inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia. Can Urol Assoc J, 2012; 6: E137-9.
[12]   | Bjurlin MA, Carlsen J, Grievous M, Jordan MD, Taylor A, Divakaruni N, et.al. Mineral oil-induced sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, 2001; 3(9): 41-4.
[13]   | Berezovsky AB, Krieger Y, Romanovsky I, Shoham Y, Rosenberg I, Silberstein E. Penile paraffinoma: a treatment dilemma. The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2014;11
[14]   | Akkus e, Iscimen A. Paraffinoma and ulcer of the eternal genitalia after self-injection of Vaseline. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2006; 3: 120-1.
[15]   | Prasetyono TOH. One-sheet spiraling full-thickness skin graft for penile resurfacing after paraffinoma excision. Med J Indonesia, 2011; 20: 222-5.
[16]   | Angspatt A, Pungrasmi P, Jindarak S, Tunsatit T. Bilateral scrotal flap: pedicle and dimension of the flap in cadaveric dissections. J Med Assoc Thai, 2009; 92(10): 1313-7.
[17]   | Shin YS, Zhao C, Park JK. New reconstructive surgery for penile paraffinoma to prevent necrosis of the ventral penile skin. Urology, 2013; 81: 437-41.
[18]   | Kim TG, Hur SW, Kim YH, Lee JH, Mun KH. Penile reconstruction after excision of sclerosing lipogranuloma: how to make the shape of the scrotum, penile shaft and suprapubic region with rectangular radial forearm free flap. Arch Reconstr Mikrosurg, 2015; 24(1): 16-9.
[19]   | Celdran JO, Rodriguez CS, Ros MT, Valverde FMG, Egea JPM, Marin MR, et.al. Penile paraffinoma after subcutaneous injection of paraffin. Treatment with a two-step cutaneous plasty of the penile shaft with scrotal skin. Arch. Esp. Urol. 2012; 65(5): 575-8.