eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine 2327-6657 2016-04-22 4 3 50 52 10.12691/ajmsm-4-3-1 AJMSM2016431 article Mazaher Ramezani 1 Seyed-Jafar Navabi 2 Atena Azami 2 Masoud Sadeghi sadeghi_mbrc@yahoo.com 3 Department of Pathology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Background: Gastric xanthelasmas are rare lesions. The lesions are frequently located in the stomach and less common sites are esophagus, duodenum and the colon. Case Presentation: We reported two cases in this study. A 50-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus applied with dysphagia and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a yellow plaque (10×10mm) on the gastric mucosa of cardiac part and during biopsy is easily picked. Histopathological examination of the plaque excluded gastric cancer and revealed numerous large polygonal cells with abundant foamy cytoplasm. A 60-year-old man attended hospital with abdominal pain radiating to the back that there was a 3×2mm yellowish-white plaque in the antrum of the stomach. Histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa in the antrum showed mild chronic gastritis and some H.pylori-like microorganisms. Also, aggregates of foamy macrophages were presented. Conclusions: Although the clinical significance of gastric xanthelasmas are unclear, similarities with malignancies and association with premalignant lesions, we need to pay attention to diagnosis of xanthelasmas. A biopsy is mandatory and it is advisable to use histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to confirm the diagnosis of xanthelasmas and eliminate the possibility of gastric malignancy. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmsm/4/3/1/ajmsm-4-3-1.pdf gastric xanthelasmas case report histopathology