eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 2021-04-06 9 7 358 359 10.12691/ajmcr-9-7-4 AJMCR2021974 article Mohamed Khaled Shamasneh mohammedalshamasneh@gmail.com 1 Anas Ghousheh 1 Ibrahim Taha 1 Urology Department, Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan Polyorchidism is an uncommon pediatric urological condition, having it in a down syndrome patient with bilateral cryptorchidism is tremendously rare. In this case report, a five-year old child with down syndrome was examined and admitted for further evaluation of bilateral undescended testicles. At the time of surgery, a third testicle was excised and sent to pathology department to exclude any type of cancer. The pathologist ruled out malignancy and confirmed the presence of atrophied testicular tissue. This is a rare case of undescended atrophied third testicle in a down syndrome child. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/9/7/4/ajmcr-9-7-4.pdf polyorchidism urogenital anomalies down syndrome bilateral cryptorchidism