eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 2020-01-19 8 3 83 87 10.12691/ajmcr-8-3-5 AJMCR2020835 article Samuel J. Apple 1 Benjamin Ramalanjaona 1 Pramod Theetha Kariyanna, Isabel M. McFarlane isabel.mcfarlane@downstate.edu 2 #These authors contributed equally to this work. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Health Sciences University, Brooklyn NY 11203, USA Mitral valve aneurysm (MVA) is an ominous complication of infective endocarditis (IE), with worse outcomes seen among patients with preexisting valvular disease or intravenous drug use. Valve aneurysms can perforate or lead to rupture of the chordae tendineae, with the consequent development of severe mitral regurgitation and acute pulmonary edema. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman with hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peptic ulcer disease, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, intravenous drug abuse and bipolar disorder who developed MVA one month after being discharged for IE. Decline in the clinical status of patients with IE is a troubling sign that may indicate an IE complication such as MVA. Physicians should diligently monitor patients with IE for changes in signs and symptoms, as early recognition and surgical intervention are key to prevent further morbidity and mortality. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/8/3/5/ajmcr-8-3-5.pdf mitral valve aneurysm infective endocarditis infective endocarditis risk factors surgical indications in infective endocarditis post-pericardiotomy syndrome