eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 2020-09-28 8 12 522 527 10.12691/ajmcr-8-12-25 AJMCR202081225 article Parinaz Ayat 1 Sara Sharif 1 Kevin Hewitt 2 Arkadij Grigorian 2 Sarah A. Goldman 2 Isabel M. McFarlane isabel.mcfarlane@downstate.edu 2 Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A-11203 Department of Radiology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A-11203 Vulvar cancer comprises 5% of gynecological cancers with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being found in 90% of the cases. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven and is the precursor lesion in nearly 40% of all cases of vulvar SCC. Pruritus is reported as the most common initial manifestation of vulvar SCC which may be of a long duration with pain, discharge, and bleeding been less frequently reported which contributes to the delayed initial presentation of the disease. So far, there are no recommended screening strategies for vulvar cancer and HPV vaccination may be the only effective way for prevention. We present a case of advanced vulvar cancer in an immunocompromised host. We will review pertinent topics for the clinicians on HPV infection prevention, clinical course, staging and the need for strong efforts on patient education. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/8/12/25/ajmcr-8-12-25.pdf vulvar cancer vulvar squamous cell carcinoma HIV AIDS HPV