Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 4 5 2016 5 31 Endovascular Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis Associated with May-Thurner Syndrome: A Case Series 180 185 EN Teresa Arquero Portero José Urbano García Aránzazu García Raso Department of Hematology, Thrombosis Unit, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Ma Pilar Llamas Sillero AJMCR20164510 10.12691/ajmcr-4-5-10 2015 12 27 2016 4 28 2016 5 29 Introduction: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an entity caused by the compression of the left iliac vein that predispose to acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of left lower limb. While standar management is anticoagulant therapy, a review of the literature reveals that new endovascular therapies can offer more optimal outcome than anticoagulation alone, preserving normal venous valve function, and avoiding post-thrombotic syndrome. In addition, we have detected that the highest risk of complications appears when MTS is associated with another congenital or acquired prothrombotic factor (thrombophilia). Case presentation: We report four causes of MTS in caucasian patients treated with endovascular techniques in our hospital over the last years. All patients were middle-aged severe symptomatic women with positive venographic findings for acute or chronic extensive left lower-extremity DVT. In addition, all patients were positive for thrombophilia test. Conclusion: DVT study in patients with MTS must include a search for thrombophilia factors, as those patients are most likely to benefit from new technical approaches.