eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 2016-05-31 4 5 180 185 10.12691/ajmcr-4-5-10 AJMCR20164510 article Teresa Arquero Portero 1 José Urbano García 2 Aránzazu García Raso argarciar@fjd.es 2 3 Ma Pilar Llamas Sillero 3 Department of Hematology, Thrombosis Unit, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Department of Radiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Introduction: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an entity caused by the compression of the left iliac vein that predispose to acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of left lower limb. While standar management is anticoagulant therapy, a review of the literature reveals that new endovascular therapies can offer more optimal outcome than anticoagulation alone, preserving normal venous valve function, and avoiding post-thrombotic syndrome. In addition, we have detected that the highest risk of complications appears when MTS is associated with another congenital or acquired prothrombotic factor (thrombophilia). Case presentation: We report four causes of MTS in caucasian patients treated with endovascular techniques in our hospital over the last years. All patients were middle-aged severe symptomatic women with positive venographic findings for acute or chronic extensive left lower-extremity DVT. In addition, all patients were positive for thrombophilia test. Conclusion: DVT study in patients with MTS must include a search for thrombophilia factors, as those patients are most likely to benefit from new technical approaches. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/4/5/10/ajmcr-4-5-10.pdf May-Thurner syndrome iliac vein compression syndrome venous thrombosis endovascular therapy stent post-thrombotic syndrome case report