eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Medical Case Reports 2374-216X 2015-11-14 3 12 394 398 10.12691/ajmcr-3-12-3 AJMCR20153123 article Mokhtarodin Shakibani 1 Hassan Tahir hassantahir_01@hotmail.com 2 Vistasp daruwalla 3 Hospitalist, Altoona Regional health System hospital, 620 Howard Avenue, Altoona, PA 16601, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Temple University/Conemaugh Memorial Hospital, 1086 Franklin Street, Johnstown, PA 15905, USA Department of Radiology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, 4201 St Antoine St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Mycotic aneurysms are rare infectious vascular disorders, which predominantly occur in aorta and peripheral vessels. Clinically apparent mycotic aneurysms are usually well advanced at the time of presentation as early clinical diagnosis of infected aneurysms is challenging owing to vague and non-specific symptoms. Delayed treatment of mycotic aneurysms often lead to life threatening complications including rupture, hemorrhage and aortoenteric fistula resulting in poor outcome and high mortality and morbidity. High degree of suspicion is required to accurately diagnose mycotic aneurysms and prevent complications. Despite surgery and aggressive medical management, mortality rate is high. Septic arthritis is one of the rare causes of mycotic aneurysm, which usually occur if there is delayed, or no treatment. We report a case of complicated mycotic aortic aneurysms in a patient with septic arthritis resulting in a fatal outcome. This case report not only highlights the importance of early recognition and management of Mycotic aneurysms, but also stresses accurate diagnosis and treatment of predisposing conditions like septic arthritis, as aggressive management of predisposing conditions can safely prevent life threatening mycotic aortic aneurysms. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmcr/3/12/3/ajmcr-3-12-3.pdf Mycotic aortic aneurysms Septic Arthritis Aneurysm rupture Aortoenteric fistula