@article{ajfn2018612,
author={{Settineri, Robert and Zhou, Jie and Ji, Jin and Ellithorpe, Rita R. and Rosenblatt, Steven and Jimenez, Antonio and Ohta, Shigeo and Ferreira, Gonzalo and Nicolson, Garth L.},
title={Hydrogenized Water Effects on Protection of Brain Cells from Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Toxicity},
journal={American Journal of Food and Nutrition},
volume={6},
number={1},
pages={9--13},
year={2018},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajfn/6/1/2},
issn={2374-1163},
abstract={Hydrogenized water is known to have protective effects on cells and tissues, mainly through its antioxidant activities. Here we examined the protective effects of a commercial source of hydrogenized water on cultured human brain cells. Hydrogenized water was able to protect brain cells from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity. At H<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations above 0.01 mM the glutathione levels increased in cultured brain cells. The level of glutathione rose from approximately 500 to approximately 850 ¦ÌM at the maximum dose of hydrogenized water with an EC<SUB>50</SUB> of approximately 0.030 mM. Hydrogenized water was also able to enhance the signaling pathway for oxidative stress response mediated by Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like factor). Treatment of cells with hydrogenized water at concentrations above 0.01 mM H<SUB>2</SUB> induced activation of Nrf2 (EC<SUB>50</SUB> approximately 0.05 mM). Hydrogenized water was also able to protect brain cells against glutamate toxicity. Using a DNA damage response element,  (¦ÃH2AX, to monitor the damage of glutamate toxicity we found that concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB> above 0.01 mM protected cells from glutamate damage with an EC<SUB>50</SUB> of approximately 0.05 mM H<SUB>2</SUB>. These in vitro results demonstrated that hydrogenized water can protect brain cells against common types of damage from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity.},
doi={10.12691/ajfn-6-1-2}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}