Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease 2333-1275 2 2 2014 04 07 Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in Indigenous Tapirapé Ethnic Group from Mato Grosso State, Brazil 63 65 EN Malheiros A.F. Department of Biological Science, University of State of Mato Grosso, Av. São João, S/n, Campus Universitário, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil Mathews P.D. Lemos L.M.S Vianna D.V. Braga G. B. Shaw J.J. AJEID2014223 10.12691/ajeid-2-2-3 2014 03 09 2014 03 31 2014 04 07 Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal helminth, which infects millions of people worldwide. In the present study, 542 individuals from six indigenous villages were enrolled of whom 24 (4.43 %) were positive for S. stercoralis based on analysis by microscopy of fecal concentrates. S. stercoralis was more prevalent in males (5.32 %, 14/263) than females (3.58 %, 10/279), though without a significant statistic difference (P = 0.66). Likewise, the infection by S. stercoralis could not be related to age of the indigenous (P > 0.05). This study is the first report of the prevalence of S. stercoralis in members of the indigenous Tapirapé ethnic group from the Brazilian Amazon. The results suggest a contamination by infective forms of S. stercoralis in the environment where these indigenous live.