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Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
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American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
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Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

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David Rain
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Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

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David Rain
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Multi-input Single Stage Three Port DC-AC Converters in Renewable Energy Applications – An Overview

Md. Maidul Islam*, Minhaz Uddin, Mst.Iffatara Shanu, Faria Akter, Md Sazal Miah

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Eastern University, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh

Abstract: Nowadays power electronics three port DC-AC inverters are being broadly used in different devices, such as solar smart mini and microgrid energy systems, standalone smart home energy system. In the recent past, reliability, control technique, efficiency, modularity, and cost-effectiveness are the vital issue for these converters. Many triple port DC-AC inverters have been developed demonstrating by three stages and two stages multiple input single output and single stage multiple input single output inverters. But multiple stages of three port DC-AC inverter is costly and lower efficiency for using a higher number of components at different stages. Research is continued about single stage DC-AC topology to reduce the price and decrease the use of some elements. The study of different multi-input single stage three port DC-AC converter topologies with their control method and application area has been stated in this paper. In this research represents some of the update configurations in the improvement of multi-input and single output triple port DC-AC inverters.

Keywords: DC-AC Converter, single stage, renewable energy, multi-input

Received July 30, 2023; Revised August 31, 2023; Accepted September 06, 2023

Citation: Md. Maidul Islam, Minhaz Uddin, Mst.Iffatara Shanu, Faria Akter, Md Sazal Miah, Multi-input Single Stage Three Port DC-AC Converters in Renewable Energy Applications – An Overview. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 11 (1). 7-12. January 2023. doi:10.12691/ajeee-11-1-2

1. Introduction

At present green power resources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind production scheme are being replaced by traditional generation units for electricity generation, because of the world energy crisis and environmental complication induced by traditional energy sources [1].

Leading power electronic protocols are required to deploy and establish green energy resources. After all, the discontinuous behaviour of the green energy resources and uncertainty of the requirement of demand make another problem, due to various utilization of the particular renewable energy resources [2]. To mitigate the challenges of the periodic behaviour of the green energy and the fluctuation of the requirement of load, power electronic inverters with energy storehouse protocols are normally used to invert the produced energy of the solar PV to fulfil the requirement of demand [3]. Now-a-days Power electronic inverters are being broadly used in different devices such as solar smart mini and microgrid energy systems, standalone smart home energy system, electric vehicles and energy storage system either at output DC or AC. Double stage or single stage contact are being widely used to invert the generated energy from green energy resource to DC or AC.

Conventionally, the double stage topologies with two traditional DC-DC converters and a DC-AC converter as presented in Figure 1(a) and (b) are big sizes, much costs and less efﬁcient because of the usage of three converters. Along the progress of triple port inverters, an innovative dual step structure is proposed by using two converters as shown in Figure 1 (c). The single stage topology is needed for better performance and a less cost in comparison to the double stage configuration. As a result, a three ports single stage DC–AC inverter can be developed by using the concept of single stage DC–DC triple port converter, this contains a DC incoming port for combining the resource of green energy, for the contact of an energy storehouse scheme other DC gate used and AC output gate used to supply the other devices or the grid straight. Figure 2 present the combine of the green energy and energy storehouse inverters into the single inverter along dual DC incoming port and single AC output.

In many kinds of literature, advantages and reviews of single stage DC-DC topologies with comparing the count of elements and performances has been stated [4]. In recent years there are many single stages DC-AC converter recommended by the different research group. But there is no literature into a single paper by accumulated of the recommended one step multiple incoming DC-AC converters which would be helped to compare their features and to know their application area. So, this research paper presents a concise survey of triple gate single topology DC– AC inverters recommended by various scientist in past few years. There are two types of single topology DC-AC inverter such as the non-isolated and isolated inverter. This review paper can be the example for them, so that they can select the appropriate configuration to gain the exact specification in renewable energy application.

Figure 1. Block diagram of dual-step configuration

Figure 2. Block diagram of one-step configuration

2. Non-isolated triple port dc–ac inverters

A lot of non-isolated triple gate DC–AC inverters have been.

Proposed in various article along diverse regulation and feature. Using only one inductor resulting in a compact shape and with the increment of the power expansion, at the same time, rest of them using dual or more inductors. The gain of those inverters is limited due to use of conventional buck, boost, and buck- boost converters. To overcome those shortcomings, few triple gate DC–AC inverters used to increment of potential gain by coupled inductors.

A conventional non-isolated converter consists of two inductors, which is shown in Figure 1. In this recommended Z-source converter has dual unique control configuration [5]. The quantity of power that must be loaded or unloaded, measures by the protocol administrator, again the quantity of energy that must be provided through FC is measured then directed toward the FC administrator to control the amount of change of fuel ﬂow.

n advanced space vector modulation (SVM) scheme has been proposed for diode clamped three stage inverters switch changeable dc link potential. Further, maximum regulation ability above little vector choice also possible in this proposed SVM scheme [6], which is shown in Figure 4. A pulse width modulation founded SOC adjustable regulator is recommended to regulate this little vector configuration.

Figure 3.Experimental setup.[5]

Figure 4. Block layout of the recommended SVM configuration [6].

The recommended Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) and power storehouse system is shown in Figure 5. This research paper shows PV technology which is the changed version of the QZSI topology. A power reserve module was joined to it without any additional chip, only particular input impedance network is used [7]. To obtain more efficient control, QZSI uses two independent control variables. Which also able to running along an energy storage system.

An innovative paper for a triple step neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter has been presented shown in Figure 6(a) [8]. The proposed topology can combine with both green power and battery storehouse device which contain in the dc side of that converter. Figure 6(b) present the updated topology where double batteries are joined with dual capacitors over double relays.

Figure 5. QZSI topology with Energy Storage system [7]

Figure 6. Recommended topology for combine solar PV and battery storage:(a)traditional system; (b) updated system [8].

Another energy storage QZSI has been recommended to reduce the deficiency of the current resolutions in solar PV energy device [9]. Here capacitor C1 connected with the battery in parallel, which towards to a new configuration show in Figure 7. Here the DSP-based controller used to gain the recommended control methods.

Figure 7. QZSI topology for solar PV power production [9]

The primary topology of the recommended dual input inverter is presented in Figure 8. The proposed configuration contains three switch legs, which usually applied as a double outgoing converter and ac to ac converter. The recommended inverter is capable to operate buck, boost and AC alteration [10]. A simple dual-loop regulator configuration is used to regulate the output ac voltage. Whose inner loops are the current controller and outside loops are the voltage regulators.

Figure 8. Double Input Single Output DC-DC-AC inverter [10]

Figure 9. Double input and double output z-source converter [11]

A novel z-source three level NPC inverter is presented in Figure 9 [11]. The inverter is consisting of an altered nine switch converter along with a double input double output Z-source configuration, which also contains extra six diodes. Here the z- source configuration system is used as front side boost inverter of a tradition which is suitable for the fuel cell, and solar PV and wind turbine modules.

A boost inverter based bidirectional single stage switching configuration is presented in Figure 10 [12]. This scheme internally connects with different sources externally the necessity of extra switches which combines buck boost inverter with multi for perfect dc output. Various input dc-dc converters make a circuit simple and decrease price efficiently. This proposed converter can be used for the hybrid system, which consists of solar PV, wind energy and fuel cells.

Figure 10. Single-stage multiple input boost inverter [12].

The DBI-based Double Input-Double Buck Inverter (DI-DBI) DC/AC power configuration is proposed in Figure 11 [13]. The advantages of this inverter are improving the conversion efficiency by decreasing the active conversion steps. The DI- DBI is executed by replacing the one input Buck switching bridges in the conventional dual-buck inverter along dual-input vibrating source cells.

Figure 11.the proposed dual-input DB6 inverter [13].

3. Isolated triple-port dc–ac inverters

In term of isolated triple gate DC–AC inverters, discharge of the energy through any two ports of the triple gates over a various winding higher frequency transformer. As results this category of inverters has better propulsive isolation. The conventional full bridge inverters or half bridge inverters or the combo of them are the core basis of isolated converters for energy transformation.

Phase-modulated higher frequency isolated dc-ac inverter as the grid alliance in an allocated production configuration shown in Figure 12. The recommended dc-ac inverter also used in combining energy origins straight to the service line when the isolation is a mandatory [14]. For the action of the error and generate exact phase shift a PI controller is recommended.

A multiple input converter scheme is recommended to reduce the energy protocol design and decrease the price of hybrid PV energy or wind energy system [15]. Figure 13 shows triple port simplified half-bridge technology and the developing circuit.

This research focuses into multiple input green power resources for DC-AC converter (MII) configuration. Figure 14 present the circuit of the multiple input DC-AC converter. The recommended MII contains both the DC-DC boost inverter and a one phase full bridge DC-AC converter. The generated potential, (Vout) of converter directly entered to the SPWM control system, which received by compensator as feedback regulator [16].

Figure 12. Block diagram of HF unique double bridge LCL resonant inverter to combine a dc supply along one phase line. [14]

Figure 13.Triple gate simplified half-bridge configuration with the developing circuit [15]

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of MII [16]

Table 1. Comparison of Multi-input single stage three port DC- AC converters (NA: Not Available)

4. Conclusion

In this paper, a novel overview of the configurations widely used for the triple gate DC–AC inverters has been discussed. This overview indicates those analysis of triple gate DC–AC inverters has earned higher concentration from researchers, who conduct research in the field of combining green power and power storehouse application to overwhelm the periodic behaviour of green power sources. The different control method and different application area, merits and demerits of various configurations are provided here. The triple gate DC–AC inverter topologies are normally preferable to the conventional double step model in terms of performance, energy quantity, shape, and low price inverter. This comparison table of the triple gate DC–AC inverters recommended by various scientists is being prepared for next publication which will give a guideline for the suitable choice of inverters for apply in real devices. Due to stimulate the extensive usage of triple gate DC– AC inverters in combining green energy sources and energy storehouse topologies, prospective scientist requires to be executed to increment of the potential boost and performance of that inverter and to scheme innovative triple gate DC–AC converters with a simple and easy control technique.

References

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[3]   | Yazdani, Amirnaser, and Prajna Paramita Dash. "A control methodology and characterization of dynamics for a photovoltaic (PV) system interfaced with a distribution network." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 24, no. 3 (2009): 1538-1551.
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[5]   | Peng, Fang Zheng, Miaosen Shen, and Kent Holland. "Application of Z-source inverter for traction drive of fuel cell—Battery hybrid electric vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 22, no. 3 (2007): 1054- 1061.
[6]   | Jayasinghe, SD Gamini, D. Mahinda Vilathgamuwa, and Udaya K. Madawala. "Diode-clamped three-level inverter-based battery/ supercapacitor direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 12 (2011): 3720-3729.
[7]   | Cintron-Rivera, Jorge G., Yuan Li, Shuai Jiang, and Fang Z. Peng. "Quasi-Z-source inverter with energy storage for photovoltaic power generation systems." In Applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), 2011 twenty-sixth annual IEEE, pp. 401-406. IEEE, 2011.
[8]   | Teymour, Hamid R., Danny Sutanto, Kashem M. Muttaqi, and Philip Ciufo. "Solar PV and battery storage integration using a new configuration of a three-level NPC inverter with advanced control strategy." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 29, no. 2 (2014): 354-365.
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[10]   | Azizi, Mehdi, Mustafa Mohamadian, Reza Beiranvand, and AmirHossein Rajaei. "Dual-input single-output DC-DC-AC converter." In Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2013 4th, pp. 315-320. IEEE, 2013.
[11]   | Dehghan, Seyed Mohammad, Mustafa Mohamadian, Ali Yazdian, and Farhad Ashrafzadeh. "A dual-input–dual-output Z-source inverter." IEEE Transactions on power electronics 25, no. 2 (2010): 360-368.
[12]   | Raj, K. Mohan, Gorla Narayana Mohan, and Subhransu Sekhar Dash. "Single Stage Multi Input DC-DC/AC Boost Converter with Sliding Mode Control." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 38 (2016).
[13]   | Yang, Fan, Hongjuan Ge, Jingfan Yang, Runyun Dang, and Hongfei Wu. "A Family of Dual-Buck Inverters with an Extended Low-Voltage DC-Input Port for Efficiency Improvement Based on Dual-Input Pulsating Voltage-Source Cells." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 4 (2018): 3115-3128.
[14]   | Li, Xiaodong, and Ashoka KS Bhat. "A utility-interfaced phase- modulated high-frequency isolated dual LCL DC/AC converter." IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 2 (2012): 1008-1019.
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[16]   | Yahaya, N. Z., Z. Baharudin, and M. A. Rosli. "Multi‐input DC‐AC inverter for low voltage hybrid PV/wind/hydrogen fuel cell power system."Journal of Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2016): 12-17.