eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Cancer Prevention 2328-7314 2018-03-24 6 1 17 19 10.12691/ajcp-6-1-4 AJCP2018614 article Mehrdad Payandeh 1 Noorodin Karami noorodin.karami@yahoo.com 2 Afshin Karami 3 Mehrnoush Aeinfar 3 Amir Yami 3 Sakineh Ghorbani 4 Roshanak Yousefi 5 Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Department of Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran Department of Hematology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Medical Bone Marrow Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Department of Nursing, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy associated with increased plasma cell proliferation in the patient's bone marrow. HIV infection is an immunodeficiency disease that is present in some malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, as an effective factor in the progression of malignancy. Our patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and after bone marrow transplantation, it became clear that the patient was HIV positive and also, he had a mild toxoplasmosis infection. After diagnosis, the patient was treated with antiviral drugs and drugs for the treatment of toxoplasma infection. After several months and carrying out the relevant tests, it indicates the control of HIV viral infection, and the patient is still being treated and followed up. Nonetheless, our case features the significance of HIV testing in early malignancy. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcp/6/1/4/ajcp-6-1-4.pdf multiple myeloma malignancy non-Hodgkin lymphoma transplantation toxoplasmosis