Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Cancer Prevention 2328-7314 3 2 2015 03 20 A Five Year Review of Cervical Cytology in Abakaliki, Nigeria 23 26 EN Leonard Ogbonna Ajah Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki Paul Olisaemeka Ezeonu Nelson Chukwudi Ozonu Chukwuemeka Anthony Iyoke Peter Onubiwe Nkwo Monique Iheoma Ajah AJCP2015321 10.12691/ajcp-3-2-1 2015 03 15 2015 03 18 2015 03 20 Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest gynecological cancer in Nigeria. The risk factors to cervical cancer are common in our environment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cervical squamous cell abnormalities and the risk factors associated with the disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Methods: A 5 year retrospective study of cervical cytology at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2012, was undertaken. Results: The prevalence of cervical squamous cell abnormalities in this study was 11.2%. These cervical squamous cell abnormalities comprised ASC-US (0.6%), LSIL (3.9%) and HSIL (6.7%). Cervical squamous cell abnormalities were significantly commoner among clients who were smokers, live in rural areas, had high parity and history of vaginal discharge/itching. However, age at coitarche, educational qualification and use of hormonal contraceptives did not have any effect on cervical squamous cell abnormality in this study. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of cervical squamous cell abnormality in Abakaliki. So there is need for public sensitization about this problem and the various ways of stemming the tide.