@article{ajcmr2020812,
author={{Mahmoud, Hany Salah and Eltahlawi, Rehab A. and Alhadramy, Osama and Soliman, Tamer M. and FathyEl-Kot, Yasser Mohamed and Omar, Nassar Ayoub Abdellatif and Sayed, Sayed Mostafa El and Abdallah, Hesham I. and El-shazley, Momen and Allithy, Amal Nor Edeen Ahmad and El-Dabie, Noha and Abdel-Haleem, Mohamed and El-Dardear, Amr and Hassan, Shaima Mohamed Abdelfattah and Helmy, Manal Mohamed and El-Alaf, Hassan and Baghdadi, Hussam and El-Sawy, Samer and Sayed, Salah Mohamed El},
title={Zamzam Water is Pathogen-free, Cardioprotective and Tissue-protective: Relieving the BBC Concerns},
journal={American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={5--12},
year={2020},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcmr/8/1/2},
issn={2328-403X},
abstract={<b>  </b>Zamzam water is the most beloved potable water for Muslims worldwide. It originates from Zamzam well near Al-Haram mosque in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) raised many health concerns regarding the high nitrate and arsenic contents in Zamzam water that warrants further research investigations. In this study, we investigated the presence of bacterial contamination in Zamzam water. We also examined the effects of regular exclusive Zamzam water consumption for three consecutive months on the liver and kidney functions in experimental animals. Ethical committee approval was taken for performing the study. Eighteen white albino mice were divided into three experimental groups (six mice per group): tap water group, distilled water group and Zamzam water group. All mice were sacrificed by the end of the scheduled study duration. Our data confirmed that Zamzam water is pathogen-free. Our data revealed that Zamzam water consumption for three consecutive months was quite safe for the general health, kidney function tests (serum urea and creatinine) and liver function tests (serum ALT, serum AST, serum albumin and serum globulin). All serum parameters were in their normal ranges, which were comparable to mice exclusively drinking tap water and distilled water. Serum albumin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in animals drinking Zamzam water and tap water than those drinking distilled water. Zamzam water consumption for prolonged periods was quite safe with no signs of acute or chronic arsenic toxicity and resulted in normal kidney histological structure. Normal serum AST confirms that Zamzam water is cardioprotective. In other words, BBC concerns regarding high arsenic and nitrate contents may be acceptable in tap water or other types of drinking water apart from Zamzam water. This is because Zamzam water is unique in its antioxidant components that abrogate any oxidative arsenic effects and confers a lot of therapeutic benefits owing to both arsenic and the antioxidants. In conclusion, Zamzam water is cardio-protective, tissue-protective and is promising as future therapeutic water for many ailments. Zamzam water is devoid of any bacteriological contamination. Nitrates in Zamzam water is an original constituent and not due to contamination. Same thing applies to arsenic. Zamzam water is also pathogen-free and is cardioprotective.},
doi={10.12691/ajcmr-8-1-2}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}