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Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
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Pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora Baker from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Gautam Anuj Ekka*, Pragya Sourabh, Lal Ji Singh

Botanical Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Sri Vijaya Puram, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (INDIA)

Abstract: This paper deals with the pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora Baker (Zingiberaceae) for the first time from Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. It is described here as an adaptive reproductive strategy in Islands ecosystem along with morphological characters. Pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora Baker is favoured by excessive atmospheric moisture or humid dark conditions. However, there is no report of pseudo-vivipary in this plant growing in other regions where the moisture level is not so high. It is probably induced by ecological factors, followed by physiological factors.

Keywords: Bulbils, ecology, Island ecosystem, Reproductive potentials, Zingiberaceae

Received September 10, 2025; Revised October 12, 2025; Accepted October 19, 2025

Citation: Gautam Anuj Ekka, Pragya Sourabh, Lal Ji Singh, Pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora Baker from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 13 (3). 83-85. January 2025. doi:10.12691/aees-13-3-3

1. Introduction

Pseudo-vivipary is an asexual reproductive process in which plantlets or vegetative buds develop in place of seeds, emerging from the plant's reproductive structures. In contrast, true vivipary is a form of sexual reproduction where seeds begin to germinate while still inside the fruit and attached to the parent plant, eventually pushing through the fruit wall before detachment. This phenomenon, observed in many mangrove and non-mangrove flowering plants, serves as an adaptive strategy for efficient population propagation [1]. Various investigators have emphasized that occurrence of vivipary in flowering plants with few exceptions like Zingiberaceae (pseudo-viviparous) as a potential reproduction strategy [1]. Less than 0.1% of all angiosperms exhibit vivipary [2]. Families such as Asparagaceae, Liliaceae, and Poaceae are the monocotyledonous families where vivipary has been observed. In Zingiberaceae, this phenomenon is recorded from other parts of the Country in Hedychium elatum and Kaempferia parviflora [3,4,5]. However, pseudo-vivipary is common in the form of bulbils and it has been recorded in at least in six genera of this family viz. Alpinia Roxb., Boesenbergia Kuntze, Costus L., Globba L., Hedychium J.Koenig, Larsenianthus W.J.Kress & Mood and Zingiber Mill [5,6,7,8,9].

The genus Globba L. represents more than 100 species worldwide distribution making it the fourth largest genus of the family Zingiberaceae of them 19 species recorded from India [10,11,12,13]. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), the genus represented by three species i.e, Globba marantina L., Globba pauciflora Baker and Globba pendula Roxb. [14,15]. ANI is one of the tropical hotspots of biodiversity and well recognized as a rich and unique phytogeographical region with high endemism in India [15,16,17,18]

The present study has been recorded pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora for the first time during floristic exploration in the South Andaman Islands. Although, the occurrence of pseudo-vivipary has also been recorded in other species of the genus viz.: G. marantina and G. pendula [3]. Globba pauciflora is recognized as native to the Andaman Islands [19,20]. It was originally described by King ex Baker in 1890 based on the specimen ‘King’s Collector 379’, from the Andaman Island. Thereafter, the species has also been reported from three locations in Malaysia i.e. Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon. [21].

2. Material and methods

Morphological observations on the viviparous germination were carried out based on living plants in the field. To verify the identity of the species, the authors undertook morphological comparisons on specimens collected during field excursion, herbarium housed in Indian herbaria as mentioned under subheading specimen examined and digital herbaria and consulted the relevant literature. Vouched herbarium specimen [22] deposited in PBL.

3. Observations

3.1. Viviparous Germination

The plants of Globba pauciflora were found growing in the habitat with high humidity, nearby water-stream. A total of 20 individuals were found growing in the area out of which 06 individuals were observed with viviparous germinations. The viviparous germination was observed during the month of September. In the month of August and September the rainfall and days of rain were high in ANI. The fruit of Globba pauciflora is oblong and smooth with plenty of seeds.

3.2. Morphological Characters

Perennial herbs, leafy shoot 30–40 cm high. Rhizomes cylindrical, pale yellow. Leaf sheaths green, glabrous; ligules 0.2 mm long, green, membranous, glabrous, leaf blades 5 x 1 to 7 x 1.5 cm elliptic, base rounded, margins entire, undulate, tips aristate, both surfaces glabrous. Inflorescence raceme, terminal on leafy shoot; peduncle 2.5–3.0 cm, green, glabrous. Bracts 0.2 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, green, glabrous,. Bracteoles 0.1 mm long, lanceolate, green, glabrous. Pedicles, green. Bulbils present, white. Flowers bright yellow. Calyx 3, 0.1 mm long, infundibular, pale green, glabrous. Corolla tubes 1 cm long, orange-yellow, pubescent; corolla lobes 3, ovate, concave, yellow, glabrous. Lateral staminodes 01 cm long, lanceolate, curved, yellow. Labellum 0.9 cm deeply bifid, yellow, connate to the filament in a slender tube above the staminodes, auriculate at base. Fertile stamen 1; filament curved; anthers 0.2 x 0.5 mm, bear two wing-like appendages on each side. Ovary ovate, unilocular, parietal placentation, many ovules in the locule, pubescent; styles filiform, inserted within the grooved filament of the fertile stamen, stigmas funnel-shaped. Fruits 1 cm, oblong, green, smooth, Seeds, ovoid, 25 nos.

Flowering and fruiting: June to November.

Distribution: World: Myanmar; India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Specimens examined: Andaman and Nicobar Islands: South Andaman: Kenchi Road, Baratang Island, 14.07.1977, N. Bhargava 5885 (PBL); Nilambur, Baratang Island, 20.08.1975, N. Bhargava 2459 (PBL); Wright Myo,12.08.1979, M. K. Vasudeva Rao 7545 (PBL); Collinpur, 23.09.2022, Gautam Anuj Ekka 35407 (PBL); Middle Andaman: Betapur, 23.07.1974, N. Bhargava 1847 (PBL); Camp No. 15, 24 km from Rangat, S-W,02.11.1977, N. Bhargava 6329 (PBL); Bakultala, 17.07.1974, N. Bhargava 1754 (PBL); Betapur, 23.07.1974, N. Bhargava 1848 (PBL); Long Island, 7-8km from Forest Nursery to Lalaji, 22.10.1990, G. S. Lakra 15559 (PBL); Rangat,18.07.1974, N. Bhargava 1769 (PBL); Way to Lalaji, Long Island, 30.07.1975, N. Bhargava 2861 (PBL). North Andaman: Bamboo Nalla (Rest Camp), 26.06.2012, M. Venkat Ramana & Johny Kurmar Tagore 918 (PBL); Interview Island, West Coast, 23.09.2010, G. S. Lakra & V. M. Radhakrishnan 28742 (PBL); Kishori Nagar, 28.06.2011, M. Venkat Ramana & Johny Kurmar Tagore 371 (PBL); On the way to Dam, 06.09.2002, R. Sumathi 18570 (PBL); Saddle Peak, Dumbur Nallah, 23.07.2001, R. Sumathi 17391 (PBL); Saddle Peak, Kevra Nallah, 24.07.2001, R. Sumathi 17988 (PBL), Saddle Peak, 24.12.2013, Lal Ji Singh, 33715 (PBL!).

Figure 1. Globba pauciflora Baker- a: Habit;b: Flower;e-d:Various stages of vivipary

4. Conclusion

The present study observed pseudo-vivipary in Globba pauciflora from ANI for the first time, however, further investigation is required to determine whether these seedlings can detach, establish, and grow successfully. Based on preliminary observations we revealed that like other viviparous plants, this species has been attributed to the environmental factors like temperature, humidity, light, rainfall etc. The plantlets involved in this study were collected during a period of heavy rainfall due to which the authors presumes the wetting of inflorescence and high humidity might have triggered the seed germination. It is expected that the pseudo-vivipary is due to influence on potential reproduction strategy.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Authors are grateful to the Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata for constant support and facilities. We are thankful to the Department of Environment and Forests, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, for necessary permission and logistic support in conducting field studies and to scientists and staff of Botanical Survey of India, teaching faculties of Department of Botany, Mansarovar Global University, who have always shown readiness for help.

References

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