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I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

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American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
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The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
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Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
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Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
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Dear Label_Name,

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I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

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Ethnomedicinal Insights into the Fabaceae Family in Coastal Purba Medinipur and Balasore: A Study of Traditional Plant Uses and Conservation Perspectives

Janmenjoy Bera, Pragya Sourabh*

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh (INDIA)

Abstract: Ethnomedicinal knowledge embedded in cultural traditions is pivotal in primary healthcare, offering accessible treatments through plant-based remedies. The Fabaceae family, renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, holds particular significance in traditional medicine across the coastal regions of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, and Balasore, Odisha. This study documents and analyzes the ethnomedicinal uses of plants belonging to family Fabaceae through field surveys, semi-structured interviews, and phytochemical analyses. A total of 15 Fabaceae species were identified and categorized under Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamilies, each demonstrating diverse medicinal applications. Species like Clitoria ternatea and Mucuna pruriens exhibited 100% fidelity levels, indicating unanimous agreement on their therapeutic efficacy among local informants. High Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values across multiple health care categories underscore robust consensus on plant uses, notably in treating respiratory issues and skin disorders and promoting reproductive health. The study highlights the cultural significance of these plants and emphasizes the need for their conservation amid growing challenges like habitat loss and unsustainable harvesting. Findings suggest avenues for future pharmacological research to validate and integrate traditional knowledge into contemporary healthcare practices, thus promoting both cultural preservation and sustainable medicinal resource management.

Keywords: Ethnomedicinal plants, Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae, Purba Medinipur, Balasore

Received October 02, 2024; Revised November 04, 2024; Accepted November 11, 2024

Citation: Janmenjoy Bera, Pragya Sourabh, Ethnomedicinal Insights into the Fabaceae Family in Coastal Purba Medinipur and Balasore: A Study of Traditional Plant Uses and Conservation Perspectives. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 12 (3). 23-28. January 2024. doi:10.12691/aees-12-3-1

1. Introduction

Ethnomedicines, deeply rooted in indigenous communities' cultural and spiritual traditions, play a crucial role in primary healthcare by providing accessible treatment through the use of plants, minerals, and animal products. These practices are not only integral to the health and well-being of these communities but also form the basis for many contemporary pharmaceuticals [1]. The Fabaceae family, also known as Leguminosae, is particularly significant in traditional medicine due to its diverse therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities [2].

Traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani utilize numerous Fabaceae species for their therapeutic benefits in India. For instance, Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties [3]. Similarly, Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) is known for its antidiabetic and cholesterol-lowering effects [4]. The extensive use of these plants underscores their importance in local healthcare systems, especially in rural and indigenous communities where access to conventional medicine may be limited [5].

This study focuses on the coastal regions of Purba Medinipur in West Bengal and Balasore in Odisha, areas characterized by rich biodiversity and unique ecological landscapes. The primary objective of this research is to document and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses of Fabaceae plants within indigenous communities. The study aims to capture the traditional knowledge and practices surrounding these plants through field surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observations. Additionally, phytochemical analyses will be conducted to validate the therapeutic properties of selected species, integrating indigenous wisdom with modern pharmacology [6]. This integrative approach seeks to preserve valuable ethnomedicinal knowledge and aims to contribute to sustainable healthcare practices and biodiversity conservation efforts in these coastal regions [7].

2. Methodology

Study area

Two coastal regions Purba Medinipur in West Bengal and Balasore in Odisha were selected for the present study. These districts were chosen due to their proximity and diverse plant life influenced by their coastal and riverine environments. Purba Mednipur (West Bengal) is located at 21.9373° N and 87.7763° E, the Bay of Bengal bounds it to the south, and the rivers Rupnarayana and Subarnarekha to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 4295 km² and a population density of 1076/km², with 90% residing in rural areas. Balasore (Odisha) lies between 21° 3' to 21° 59' N latitude and 86° 20' to 87° 29' E longitude, covers an area of 3634 km². These districts experience a hot and humid climate and are home to various ethnic and linguistic communities, including indigenous tribes like Santal, Oraon, and Bhumij.

Ethnobotanical Survey

Field surveys were conducted monthly from 2023 onwards, focusing on vegetation in coastal areas, canals, and riversides. Semi-structured interviews and group discussions were used to gather information on medicinal plant usage. Informants were selected based on their knowledge of ethnomedicine, with interviews conducted in local dialects and later translated into English. Herbarium specimens were collected, photographed, and documented using standard methods for drying, mounting, and preservation. Specimens were identified with the help of standard floras and authenticated through databases like The Plant List.

Data Analysis

Fidelity Level (FL) measures the percentage of informants who mention a plant species for treating a specific ailment, helping identify the most preferred species in use categories. It was calculated using the formula FL(%) = (Ip/Iu) x 100; where Ip = number of informants who independently indicated the use of a species for the same major ailment, Iu = total number of informants who mentioned the plant for any major ailment. The number of informants in the present study was 100.

Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) measures agreement among informants on plant species use for ailments, ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. High ICF indicates consensus on fewer plants, while low ICF shows disagreement [8,9]. It is calculated using the formula ICF = (Nur-Nt)/(Nur-1); where Nur = total number of use reports for a particular ailments category, Nt = total number of plant species used by all informants for the particular ailment category

3. Results and Discussion

This survey recorded 15 plant species belonging to Fabaceae or Leguminosae family, with various medicinal uses in the study area. Out of 15 plant species recorded in this study, Bauhinia racemosa Lam. and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. belong to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, while the remaining 13 belong to the subfamily Papilionoideae within the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) (Table 1). The plant species were identified by the Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah.

Table 1. Ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants Family Fabaceae used to cure various ailments in the Coastal Region of Purba Medinipur (West Bengal) and Balashore (Odisha)

The ethnomedicinal survey reveals diverse therapeutic uses, preparations, and administration methods. Abrus precatorius (Papilionoideae), a climbing plant, is used for pain relief, respiratory issues, and skin disorders, prepared as powders and decoctions for oral and topical use [10]. Bauhinia racemosa (Caesalpinioideae), a perennial deciduous tree, used in the treatment of infections, inflammation, gastrointestinal issues, and respiratory conditions with various preparations, including decoctions and ointments for oral and topical application [11]. Cajanus cajan (Papilionoideae) is an anti-inflammatory, pain-reliever, and treatment for coughs and bronchitis, prepared as decoctions and poultices for oral and topical use [12]. The perennial vine Canavalia cathartiaca is used for skin diseases and respiratory issues with extracts for oral and topical use [13]. Clitoria ternatea (Papilionoideae) is believed to enhance cognitive functions and for treating skin conditions using extracts for oral and topical application [14]. These findings highlight the significant traditional knowledge of local communities, emphasizing the need for conservation and further pharmacological studies to validate and preserve these ethnomedicinal practices [15,16].

Data Analysis

Fidelity Level (FL) is essential to see for which ailment a particular species is more effective. Clitoria ternatea and Mucuna pruriens exhibits a 100% fidelity level, indicating unanimous agreement among informants about their use (Table 2). This strong consensus highlights the significant role of these plants in traditional medicine, particularly for cognitive-enhancing properties and reproductive health, respectively. High fidelity levels in these cases suggest potential areas for further pharmacological investigation [17,18]. Sesbania sesban shows an FL of 85.71%, and Tephrosia purpurea has an FL of 84.62%. These high percentages indicate substantial agreement among informants on their use, particularly for treating inflammatory conditions and wound healing, which aligns with documented traditional knowledge. The high fidelity of Indigofera tinctoria (83.33%) also underscores its importance in treating skin conditions and respiratory issues [17]. Plants like Grona triflora (75%) and Cajanus cajan (75%) have substantial fidelity levels, reflecting their significant use in traditional practices for diuretic purposes and gastrointestinal issues, respectively. Sesbania sesban var. bicolor (75%) also shows a high consensus among informants, further validating its use in traditional medicine [19]. On the other hand, Uraria lagopodioides (57.14%) and Pleurolobus gangeticus (55%) exhibit moderate fidelity levels. While these plants are still recognized for their medicinal properties, the slightly lower percentages suggest a wider range of applications or fewer consensuses on specific uses. This variation indicates the potential for further exploration and documentation of their ethnomedicinal applications [17]. Overall, the high-fidelity levels across multiple species in the table reflect robust traditional knowledge and cultural importance of these plants. This data provides valuable insights for ethnobotanical research and can guide future pharmacological studies to validate and potentially integrate these traditional uses into modern healthcare practices [18,19].

Table 2. List of medicinal plants of Fabaceae family used to cure metabolic diseases in the Coastal Region of Purba Medinipur (West Bengal) and Balashore (Odisha) with respect to their fidelity level in percentage

Information Consensus Factor (ICF)

The informant consensus factor (ICF) is a measure used to assess the level of agreement among informants regarding using specific plant species for particular health conditions. A high ICF value of close to 1 indicates a strong consensus among informants, suggesting a reliable and well-established traditional knowledge base for using these plants to treat specific ailments [20]. ICF measures agreement among informants on using plant species for health conditions. High ICF values indicate strong consensus and reliability in traditional knowledge [20]. For instance, the ICF values for pain relief (0.97) and respiratory issues (0.94) suggest substantial agreement among informants (Table 3), validating the traditional use of these plants [8]. Gastrointestinal issues, skin disorders, infertility, and reproductive health also show high ICF values (0.96, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively), indicating consistent recognition and use of specific plant species. Similarly, mental health, fever and infections, and diuretic and urinary issues have high ICF values (0.97, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively), highlighting the potential of traditional medicinal plants. The highest ICF value (1.00) for diabetes management signifies absolute agreement among informants. High ICF values across categories illustrate robust traditional knowledge, guiding further research and validating these plants' medicinal properties [9].

Table 3. Informant consensus factor by categories of diseases in the study area

Cultural Significance and Conservation Concerns

Abrus precatorius holds cultural significance beyond its medicinal value and is often used in rituals and ceremonies [16]. However, concerns regarding overharvesting and habitat destruction were noted, particularly for species like Pterocarpus marsupium, which is valued for its antidiabetic properties but faces threats due to unsustainable harvesting practices [21]. Species like P. marsupium, which possess recognized economic value, face pressures like habitat loss resulting from rapid climate change, land use and land cover alterations, and overexploitation due to their known usefulness [22]. Land transformations for agricultural and urban purposes, along with climate changes, will lead to an expansion of unsuitable habitats in the species' range. Therefore, proper planning is essential to preserve such species through successful execution of in-situ conservation within protected areas offering suitable habitats, as well as ex-situ conservation [23]. Both macro- and micropropagation techniques should be employed to cultivate plantlets, which can then be introduced to appropriate protected sites identified via ecological niche modelling [24].

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (Papilionoideae), an annual or short-lived perennial climbing vine, is traditionally used to enhance fertility, libido, and sexual performance. Its seeds are consumed with water, milk, or honey, raising conservation concerns due to its high demand [25]. The fast-growing perennial legume tree Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (Caesalpinioideae) and its variety, Sesbania sesban var. bicolor (Papilionoideae), are noted for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. They treat fever, coughs, respiratory infections, rheumatism, joint pain, and wounds. These species also face conservation challenges due to their extensive use [26].

Comparing our findings with previous ethnomedicinal surveys highlights both consistencies and variations in plant uses and cultural perceptions. For instance, the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of Cajanus cajan are consistent with earlier reports [15]. Similarly, the cognitive-enhancing effects of Clitoria ternatea align with findings from other studies [14]. However, unique applications were also observed, such as Canavalia cathartiaca for treating snake bites, which has not been widely documented in other regions [13]

The documented ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Fabaceae family in coastal Purba Medinipur and Balasore provides a foundation for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations. Conservation efforts should prioritize species identified as vulnerable, such as Pterocarpus marsupium and Mucuna pruriens, to ensure sustainable utilization and preservation of traditional medicinal resources [21,25]. Future research should focus on validating the efficacy of these plants through scientific studies, which could lead to the development of new pharmaceuticals and promote the conservation of these valuable plant species [11].

4. Conclusions

The ethnomedicinal survey of Fabaceae plants in coastal Purba Medinipur and Balasore underscores their vital role in local healthcare traditions. The diverse therapeutic applications documented, from treating pain and respiratory issues to managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive functions, highlight their significant cultural and pharmacological value. High fidelity levels and informant consensus factor scores affirm traditional knowledge's robustness, urging conservation efforts amidst growing threats. Integrating indigenous wisdom with scientific validation holds promise for sustainable healthcare practices and biodiversity conservation. Further research into phytochemical properties and clinical validations can bridge traditional practices with modern medicine, benefiting local communities and global healthcare advancements.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authors are thankful to Prof. Arun K. Pandey, Pro-Chancellor, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore for encouragement and facilities.

References

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