Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering

ISSN (Print): 2373-3470

ISSN (Online): 2373-3489

Editor-in-Chief: Apply for this position

Website: http://www.sciepub.com/journal/MSME

   

 Paper Submission  Rss Feed

Article

Structural Modification of Hypereutectic Al-16.5mass%Si Alloy by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment with ECAP

1Department of Technological Studies of Hydroextrusion Processes, Donetsk O.O.Galkin Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Donetsk, Ukraine

2Department of Constitution and Properties of Solid Solutions, G.V.Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

3Department of magnetohydrodynamics, Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine


Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2014, 2(3), 35-40
doi: 10.12691/msme-2-3-2
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Victor Spuskanyuk, Alla Berezina, Victor Dubodelov, Oleksandr Davydenko, Vladyslav Fikssen, Kristina Sliva, Tetyana Monastyrska. Structural Modification of Hypereutectic Al-16.5mass%Si Alloy by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment with ECAP. Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2014; 2(3):35-40. doi: 10.12691/msme-2-3-2.

Correspondence to: Oleksandr  Davydenko, Department of Technological Studies of Hydroextrusion Processes, Donetsk O.O.Galkin Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Donetsk, Ukraine. Email: dav76@ukr.net

Abstract

Evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hypereutectic Al-16.5mass%Si-3.77mass%Cu alloy by treatment in the liquid state by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and hydrodynamic (HD) methods, followed by processing in the solid state by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method and thermal treatment has been investigated. This alloy has in initial state a very low value of plasticity at room temperature. Optical microscopy technique was employed in order to determine the evolution of the microstructure after different operating conditions of ECAP and thermal treatments. It was demonstrated that it is possible to significantly improve mechanical properties of this alloy by means of combining a low number of ECAP passes after an adequate combination of MHD+HD processing and thermal treatments.

Keywords

References

[1]  Ma, A., Suzuki, K., Saito, N., Nishida, Y., Takagi, M., Shigematsu, I., Iwata, H. “Impact toughness of an ingot hypereutectic Al-23mass% Si alloy improved by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 399, 181-189, 2005.
 
[2]  Yoon, S. C., Hong, S. J., Hong, S. I., Kim, H. S., “Mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed powder extrudates of a rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-20 wt% Si alloy,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 449-451, 966-970, 2007.
 
[3]  Chuvildeev, V.N., Gryaznov, M.Yu., Kopylov, V.I., Sysoev, A.N., “Superplasticity of microcrystalline Al-Si alloys,” Physics Status Solid, Vestnik Nizhegorodski Univercity, 4, 42-48, 2010.
 
[4]  Dubodelov, V., Fikssen, V., Slazhniev, M., Goryuk, M., Skorobagatko, Yu., Berezina, A., Monastyrska, T., Davydenko, O., Spuskanyuk, V. “Improving of Al-Si alloys by their combined MHD and thermo-forced processing in liquid and solid states,” Magnetohydrodynamics, 48 (2), 379-386, 2012.
 
[5]  Berezina, A., Monastyrska, T., Dubodelov, V., Segida, O., Fikssen, V. “Effects of Melt Treatment in the Magnetodynamic Installation on the Structure of Al-Si Alloys,” Aluminum Alloys, ICAAII, DGM, v.1, pp. 470-476, 2008.
 
Show More References
[6]  Beloshenko, V., Spuskanyuk, V. “ECAE Methods of Structure Modification of Materials,” International Journal of Materials and Chemistry, 2(4), 145-150, 2012.
 
[7]  Berezina, A.L., Dubodelov, V.I., Monastyrska, T.O., Fikssen, V.N., Slaznev, M.A., Skorobagat'ko, Yu.P. “Impact of Magnetohydrodynamic Treatment of Cuprous Hypereutectic Silumins on Processes of Formation of Strengthening Nanoparticles During the Ageing,” Metallofizika i Noveishie Tekhnologii, 33 (5), 651-66, 2011.
 
Show Less References

Article

Influence of Substrate of the Carbon Contents and Coating Thickness on Scratch and Wear Resistance of AlCrN Films

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hirasugar Institute of Technology Nidasoshi, Belagavi-591236, Karnataka, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru - 580006, Karnataka, India

3Department of Mechanical & aerospace Engineering, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, Brooklyn, USA

4Cutting LAB, Oerlikon Balzers Coating India Limited, Bhosari, Pune-411026, Maharashtra, India


Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2016, 3(1), 1-7
doi: 10.12691/msme-3-1-1
Copyright © 2016 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Chandrashekhar Ambiger, V. R. Kabadi, N. Gupta, K. G. Ambli, Rajesh Bhide. Influence of Substrate of the Carbon Contents and Coating Thickness on Scratch and Wear Resistance of AlCrN Films. Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2016; 3(1):1-7. doi: 10.12691/msme-3-1-1.

Correspondence to: Chandrashekhar  Ambiger, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hirasugar Institute of Technology Nidasoshi, Belagavi-591236, Karnataka, India. Email: chandrashekhar_dev@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

Influence of carbon content substrates and different coating thickness Aluminium Chromium Nitride (AlCrN) coatings was investigated and reported in the studies. Low carbon steel (EN353) and high carbon steel (EN31) rectangular blocks were used as substrates. AlCrN coatings with two different thickness was deposited on these substrates using Balzers rapid coating system machine. The morphology, crystal structure, mechanical and tribological properties (surface hardness, wear resistance and coefficient of friction (COF)) of the coatings were examined using SEM, Optical Microscope, AFM analysis, Micro-Hardness tests, Scratch Tester TR-101 and Pin on Disc testing tribometer at atmospheric conditions. It was shown that surface morphology of D C Arc deposited AlCrN coatings is affected by the substrates properties (carbon content). The increase in the carbon contents of the substrates resulted in the increase of adhesion force between the substrates and coatings. It was also found that, AlCrN/EN31 steel with smooth roughness has the higher wear resistance than AlCrN/EN353 steel substrate.

Keywords

References

[1]  J.L. Mo, M.H. Zhu. Tribological oxidation behaviour of PVD hard coatings. Trib. Inter., 42, 1758-1764. 2009.
 
[2]  H. A. Jehn. Multicomponent and multiphase hard coatings for tribological applications. Surf. & Coat. Technol., 131, 433-440. 2000.
 
[3]  Shin Min Lee, Han Ming Chow, Fuang Yuan Huang, Biing Hwa Yan. Friction drilling of austenitic stainless steel by uncoated and PVD AlCrN- and TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide tools. Inter. J. Machine Tools & Manufacture, 49, 81-88. 2009.
 
[4]  Vikas Chawla. Structural characterization and corrosion behaviour of nanostructured TiAlN and AlCrN thin coatings in 3 wt% NaCl solution. J .Mat. Sci. Engg, 3, 22-30. 2013.
 
[5]  M. Col, D. Kir and E. Erisir Wear and Blanking Performance of AlCrN PVD-coated punches. Mat. Sci., 48, 514-520. 2012.
 
Show More References
[6]  Y. He, I. Apachitei, J. Zhou, T. Walstock, J. Duszczyk. Effect of prior plasma nitriding applied to a hot-work tool steel on the scratch-resistant properties of PACVD TiBN and TiCN coatings. Surf. & Coat. Technology, 201, 2534-2539. 2006.
 
[7]  Y.L. Su, S.H. Yao, Z.L. Leu, C.S. Wei, C.T. Wu. Comparison of tribological behaviour of three films-TiN, TiCN and CrN-grown by physical vapor deposition.Wear, 213, 165-174 . 1997.
 
[8]  Vikas Chawla, S. Prakash, D. Puri, B. S. Corrosion behaviour of nanostructured TiAlN and AlCrN hard coatings on superfer 800H superalloy in simulted marine environment. J. Minerals and mat. characterization and Engg, 8, 693-700. 2009.
 
[9]  J. L. Mo, M. H. Zhu. Sliding tribological behaviours of PVD CrN and AlCrN coatings against Si3N4 ceramic and pure titanium. Wear, 267, 874-881. 2009.
 
[10]  Vikas Chawla, S. Prakash, D. Puri, B. S. Salt fog corrosion behaviour of nanostructured TiAlN and AlCrN hard coatings on ASTM-SA213-T-22 boiler steel. Jordan J. Mech. Indus. Engg, 5, 243-253. 2011.
 
[11]  J.L. Mo, M.H. Zhu. Sliding tribological behaviour of AlCrN coatings. Trib. Inter., 41, 1161-1168. 2008.
 
[12]  Vikas Chawla, Amita Chawla, Y. Mehta, D. Puri, S. Prakash and Buta Singh Sidhu. Investigation of properties and corrosion behaviour of hard TiAlN and AlCrN PVD thin coatings in the 3 wt% NaCl solution. J. Australian Ceramic Society, 47, 48-55. 2011.
 
[13]  W.Y.H. Liew, Sebastian Dayou, Mohd. Azlan Bin Ismail, Nancy J. Siambun and Jedol Dayou. Dry Sliding Behaviour of AlCrN and TiN Coatings. Advance Mat. Research, 567, 559-564. 2012.
 
[14]  W. Grzesik, Z. Zalisz, S. Krol. Tribological behaviour of TiAlN coated carbides in dry sliding tests. J. Achievements in Mat. and Manuf. Engg., 17, 181-184(2006).
 
[15]  J. L. Mo, M. H. Zhu, B. Lei, Y. X. Leng and N. Huang. Comparison of tribological behaviours of AlCrN and TiAlN coatings-Deposited by physical vapor deposition. Wear, 263, 1423-1429. 2007.
 
[16]  Prem A Muthuvel and Ramesh Rajagopal. Influence of surface texture on tribological performance of AlCrN nano composite coated titanium alloy surfaces. J. Engg Trib., 227, 1157-1164. 2013.
 
[17]  Gerd Kaupp. Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscopy and Nanoscratching. 1st Edition, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 2006.
 
[18]  Kaouther Khlifi & Ahmed Ben Cheikh Larbi. Mechanical properties and adhesion of TiN monolayer and TiN/TiAlN nanolayer coatings, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 28, 85-96. 2014.
 
[19]  Li-Ye Huanga, Jun-Wu Zhao, Ke-Wei Xu, Jian Lu. A new method for evaluating the scratch resistance of diamond-like carbon films by the nano-scratch technique. Diamond & Related Materials, 11, 1454-1459. 2002.
 
[20]  J. Valli and U. Makela, A. Matthews and Murawa. TiN coating adhesion studies using the scratch test method. J. Vac. Sci Technol., 3, 2411-2414. 1985.
 
[21]  A. E. Reiter, C. Mitterer, M. Rebelo de Figueiredo, R. Franz. Abrasive and Adhesive Wear Behaviour of Arc-EvaporatedAl1-xCrxN Hard Coatings. Tribo.Lett., 37, 605-611. 2010.
 
[22]  C. Subramanian, K. N. Strafford, T. P. Wilks, L. P. Ward and W. McMilan. Influence of substrate roughness on the scratch adhesion of titanium nitride coatings. Surf. & Coat. Technol., 62, 529-535. 1993.
 
[23]  Ali Fatih Yetim, Ihsan Efeoglu, Ayhan Celik, Akgün Alsaran & Irfan Kaymaz. Deposition and Adhesion Characterization of Ti(BN:MoS2) Based Composite Thin Films Prepared by Closed-Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering. J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 25, 1497-1505. 2011.
 
[24]  B. Subramanian, K. Ashok, K. Subramanian, D. Sastikumar, G. Selvan and M. Jayachandran. Evaluation of corrosion and wear resistance titanium nitride (TiN) coated on mild steel (MS) with brush plated nickel interlayer.Surface Engg., 25, 490-495. 2009.
 
[25]  T. Z. Kattamis, K. J. Bhansali, M. Levy, R. Adler and S. Ramalingam. Evaluation of the strength and adherence of soft cobalt-base and hard TiN coatings on 4340 low alloy steel. Mat. Sci. Engg., A161, 105-117. 1993.
 
[26]  F. Yildiz, A. Alsaran. Multi-pass scratch test behaviour of modified layer formed during plasma nitriding. Trib. International, 43, 1472-1478. 2010.
 
[27]  Chung-Woo Cho, Young-Ze Lee. Wear-life evaluation of CrN-coated steels using acoustic emission signals. Surf. & Coat. Technology, 127, 59-65. 2000.
 
[28]  Katia Dyrda, Michael Sayer. Critical loads and effective frictional force measurements in the industrial scratch testing of TiN on M2 tool steel. Thin solid films, 356-357, 277-283. 1999.
 
[29]  J. Stallard, S. Poulat, D.G. Teer. The study of the adhesion of a TiN coating on steel and titanium alloy substrates using a multi-mode scratch tester.Tribo.International, 39, 250-261. 2006.
 
[30]  Ruo-xuan Huang, Zheng-bing Qi, Peng Sun, Zhou-cheng Wang, Chong-hu Wu. Influence of substrate roughness on structure and mechanical property of TiAlN coating fabricated by cathodic arc evaporation. Phys. Procedia, 18, 160-167(2011).
 
[31]  Liu Aihua, Deng Jianxin, Cui Haibing, Chen Yangyang, Zhao Jun. Friction and wear properties of TiN, TiAlN, AlTiN and CrAlN PVD nitride coatings. Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mat., 31, 82-88. 2012.
 
[32]  W. Grzesik, Z. Zalisz, P. Nieslony. Friction and wear testing of multilayer coatings on carbide substrates for dry machining applications. Surf. & Coat. Technology, 155, 37-45. 2002.
 
[33]  S. Kataria, N. Kumar, S. Dash, A.K. Tyagi. Tribological and deformation behaviour of titanium coating under different sliding contact conditions.Wear, 269, 797-803. 2010.
 
[34]  S. Wilson and A. T. Alpas. Wear-mechanism maps for TiN-coated high speed steel. Surf. & Coat. Technol., 120-121, 519-527. 1999.
 
[35]  Deng Jianxin, Liu Aihua. Dry sliding wear behaviour of PVD TiN, Ti55Al45N, and Ti35Al65N coatings at temperatures up to 600°C. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 41, 241-249. 2013.
 
Show Less References

Article

Microstructural and Thermomechanical Characterization of the Bassar Remelted Steel

1Department of physics, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

2GMS-LPCS UMR7045 / Chimie Paristech Paris Cedex 05, France

3Palais de la découverte / Universcience, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 75008 Paris, France


Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2016, 3(1), 8-11
doi: 10.12691/msme-3-1-2
Copyright © 2016 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Pali KPELOU, Gnande DJETELI, Tiburce Ahouangbe ABOKI, Ayi Djifa HOUNSI, Kossi NAPO. Microstructural and Thermomechanical Characterization of the Bassar Remelted Steel. Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering. 2016; 3(1):8-11. doi: 10.12691/msme-3-1-2.

Correspondence to: Pali  KPELOU, Department of physics, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo. Email: palikpelou@gmail.com

Abstract

This article presents the microstructural and thermomechanical study of the Bassar remetlted steel obtained from melting Bassar as-smelted steel. Bassar as-smelted Steel is steel made by direct reduction of Bandjeli iron ore in a natural draught furnace. Bandjeli village is located in the Bassar Region in the Republic of Togo (West Africa). The Bassar remelted steel was obtained by melting at 1370°C of Bassar as-smelted Steel in a high frequency furnace to eliminate inclusions and pores contained in the Bassar as-smelted Steel. The microstructural and mechanical analyses show that the Bassar remelted steel is homogeneous and contains no defects compared to as-smelted steel. The microstructure of the remelted Steel is formed of ferritic grain whose average size is more than 0.5 mm. Some precipitates are observed in grain and grain boundaries. Heat treatment shows that the average grain size increases as the annealing temperature increases. For the sample annealed at 600°C for one hour, its tensile strength is 338 MPa and the strain rate is 20%. The mechanical properties of the Bassar remelted steel decrease after annealed at 800°C and 950°C for one hour.

Keywords

References

[1]  Pali KPELOU, G. DJETELI, A. HOUNSI, K. NAPO et T. A. ABOKI ; Etude métallurgique du fer brut traditionnel de Bandjeli ; Rev. Ivoir. Sci. Technol., 20 (2012) 24-34.
 
[2]  Pali Kpelou, Gnande Djeteli, Ayi Djifa Hounsi, Hans Peter Hahn, Tiburce Ahouangbe Aboki, Kossi Napo. A Reproduction of the Ancient Bandjeli’s Steel-Making Process. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. Vol. 3, No. 5, 2014, pp. 217-225.
 
[3]  N. van der Merwe, Production of high carbon steel in the African Iron Age: the Direct Steel Process, Proc. 8th Pan African Cong. of Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, Leakey, R.E. & Ogot, B.E. (eds) (1980), 331-334.
 
[4]  Naoki YAMAGUCHI, Yoshinori ANAZAWA, Mitsuru TATE and Minoru SASABE, A Trial to Reproduce an Ancient lron-making Process in Chiba Prefecture, ISIJ International, Vol. 37 (1997), No. 2, pp. 97-101.
 
[5]  Oleg D. SHERBY; Ultrahigh Carbon Steels, Damascus Steels and Ancient Blacksmiths; ISIJ International, Vol. 39 (1999), No. 7, pp. 637-648.
 
Show More References
[6]  Phillip de BARROS, 1986, ‘Bassar: a quantified, chronologically controlled, regional approach to a traditional iron production centre in West Africa’, Africa, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 148-173.
 
[7]  Hans Peter HAHN, 1997 : Techniques de la métallurgie du fer au Nord Togo (Collection « Patrimoines » n°6).
 
[8]  Pali Kpelou ; Caractérisation microstructurale et thermomécanique du produit issu de la réduction directe du minerai de fer au Togo, Thèse de doctorat (2014) Université de Lomé-Togo
 
[9]  Jang-Sik PARK, Traditional Japanese Sword Making from a Tatara Ingot As Estimated from Microstructural Examination, ISIJ International, Vol. 44 (2004), No. 6, pp. 1040-1048.
 
[10]  Dirk J. Pons, Gareth Bayley, Christopher Tyree, Matthew Hunt, and Reuben Laurenson; Material Properties of Wire for the Fabrication of Knotted Fences; International Journal of Metals; Volume 2014 (2014).
 
[11]  Suzanne Degallaix, Caractérisation expérimentale des matériaux : Propriétés physique, thermique et mécanique; Presses polytechniques et universitaires Romandes 1ère Ed. 2007, pp. 153.
 
[12]  Nobuo NAKADA, Masaru FUJIHARA, Toshihiro TSUCHIYAMA and Setsuo TAKAKI, Effect of Phosphorus on Hall-Petch Coefficient in Ferritic Steel, ISIJ International, Vol. 51 (2011), No. 7, pp. 1169-1173.
 
[13]  Biausser H. Les caractéristiques de traction : Le livre de l’acier, Ed. Béranger G, henry G., Sanz G, Lavoisier TEC&DOC, Paris 1994, page 225.
 
[14]  Manabu ETOU, Suguhiro FUKUSHIMA, Tamotsu SASAKI, Youichi HARGUCHI, Super Short Interval Multi-pass Rolling Process for Ultrafine-grained Hot Strip, ISIJ International, Vol. 48 (2008), No. 8, pp. 1142-1147.
 
Show Less References

Special issues

About the journal

Journal services

SciEP events

To list your link on our website, please click here or contact us