Article

Simplified Verifiable Re-encryption Mix-nets

Shinsuke Tamura^1,, Shuji Taniguchi¹

¹Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2013, 1(1), 1-7
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-1-1-1
Copyright © 2013 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Shinsuke Tamura, Shuji Taniguchi. Simplified Verifiable Re-encryption Mix-nets. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2013; 1(1):1-7. doi: 10.12691/iscf-1-1-1.

Correspondence to: Shinsuke Tamura, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Email: tamura@u-fukui.ac.jp

Abstract

Under the assumption that numbers of data that are encrypted and decrypted are sufficiently large and final decryption results of individual data can be publicly disclosed, a simplified mechanism for implementing re-encryption type verifiable mix-nets is proposed. Different from already proposed mechanisms, in which mix-servers prove their honest encryptions while concealing their encryption parameters, mix-servers in the proposed scheme simply disclose their aggregate encryption parameter values. As a consequence anyone can verify encryption results without interacting with mix-servers. Also, its primary verification procedures examine only aggregate behavior of mix-servers, in other words, it does not examine correct encryptions of individual data. Therefore computation volumes required for mix-servers to prove their correct behaviors are reduced substantially. In addition, the proposed scheme can cope with various attacks from malicious entities more effectively than optimistic verifiable mix-nets that also examine only aggregate behaviors of mix-nets.

Keywords

anonymous communication, privacy, e-voting systems, e-poll systems

References

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[10]	J. Furukawa, “Efficient, Verifiable Shuffle Decryption and Its Requirement of Unlinkability,” PKC 2004, LNCS 2248, 319-332, 2004.

[11]	D. Wikstrom, “Five Practical Attacks for Optimistic Mixing for Exit-Polls,” Proceedings of SAC 2003, 160-175, 2004.

[12]	K. Sampigethaya and R. Poovendran, “A Framework and Taxonomy for Comparison of Electronic Voting Schemes,” Elsevier Computers and Security, 25, 137-153, 2006.

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Article

Comparing Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games and Voice-Over-IP with SCALD

A.M. Mansuri^1,, Manish Verma¹, Pradeep Laxkar²

¹Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MIT Mandsaur, Mandsaur, India

²Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ITM Universe, Vadodra, India

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(1), 1-4
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-1
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
A.M. Mansuri, Manish Verma, Pradeep Laxkar. Comparing Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games and Voice-Over-IP with SCALD. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(1):1-4. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-1.

Correspondence to: A.M. Mansuri, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MIT Mandsaur, Mandsaur, India. Email: anwardkn@gmail.com

Abstract

In recent years, many researches has been devoted to the development of neural networks; contrarily, few have synthesized the emulation of SMPs. Given the current status of low-energy symmetries, security experts daringly desire the understanding of systems, which embodies the confusing principles of robotics. This research work focus in this paper is not on whether the infamous distributed algorithm for the investigation of simulated annealing by Zhou et al. runs in Θ (N!) time, but rather on proposing a novel heuristic for the analysis of superblocks (SCALD).

Keywords

networks, SCALD, IP, online, DNS

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Article

Benefit of Cloud Computing for Educational Institutions and Online Marketing

A.M. Mansuri^1,, Manish Verma¹, Pradeep Laxkar²

¹Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MIT Mandsaur, Mandsaur, India

²Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ITM Universe, Vadodra, India

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(1), 5-9
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-2
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
A.M. Mansuri, Manish Verma, Pradeep Laxkar. Benefit of Cloud Computing for Educational Institutions and Online Marketing. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(1):5-9. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-2.

Correspondence to: A.M. Mansuri, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MIT Mandsaur, Mandsaur, India. Email: anwardkn@gmail.com

Abstract

Cloud computing as an exciting development in a educational Institute and online marketing perspective. Students and administrative personnel have the opportunity to quickly and economically access various application platforms and resources through the web pages on-demand. Application of storage technology can significantly reduce the amount of cloud storage servers, thereby reducing system development costs; reduce the system caused by the server a single point of failure. Cloud storage services meet this demand by providing transparent and reliable storage solutions In this paper shows that the cloud computing plays an important role in the fields of Educational and online Marketing and it is helpful to provide the data to the Students and online customer respectively. The results show the beneficial of the cloud computing in Educational and online marketing for customers.

Keywords

virtualization, security, cloud computing, web based storage, distributed data base

References

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[8]	Mitchell, P. (2008). Learning architecture: issues in indexing Australian education in a Web 2.0 world. Indexer, 26(4), 163-169.

[9]	Dawei Sun, Guiran Chang, Qiang Guo, Chuan Wang, Xingwei Wang., “A Dependability Model to Enhance Security of Cloud Environment Using System-Level Virtualization Techniques”, First International Conference on Pervasive Computing, Signal Processing and Applications pcspa; 2010, pp. 305-310.

[10]	Qian Liu, Chuliang Weng, Minglu Li, Yuan Luo, “An In-VM Measuring Framework for Increasing Virtual Machine Security in Clouds”, IEEE Security and Privacy, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 56-62, Nov./Dec. 2010.

[11]	M. Sharif et al, “Secure In-VM Monitoring Using Hardware Virtualization”, Proc. 16th ACM Conf. Computer andCommunications Security; ACM Press, 2009, pp. 477-487.

[12]	Jia Xu, Jia Yan, Liang He, Purui Su, Dengguo Feng. “CloudSEC: A Cloud Architecture for Composing Collaborative Security Services”, 2nd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science cloudcom; 2010, pp. 703-711.

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Article

Enhanced Anonymous Tag Based Credentials

Shinsuke Tamura^1,, Shuji Taniguchi¹

¹Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(1), 10-20
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-3
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Shinsuke Tamura, Shuji Taniguchi. Enhanced Anonymous Tag Based Credentials. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(1):10-20. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-1-3.

Correspondence to: Shinsuke Tamura, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Email: tamura@dance.plala.or.jp

Abstract

A scheme for anonymous tag based anonymous credentials is enhanced. Different from zero knowledge proof based anonymous credential schemes that require numbers of challenges and responses between verifiers and credential holders, the anonymous tag based scheme requires only small number of challenges and responses. However, the original scheme has probabilistic features, i.e. verifiers must generate dummy fake challenges; therefore overheads for managing anonymous systems cannot be reduced to the minimum. The enhanced scheme proposed in this paper excludes these probabilistic features from interactions between verifiers and credential holders. The scheme also corrects several design errors included in the original scheme.

Keywords

information security, privacy, anonymous services

References

[1]	Chaum, D., “Untraceable electronic mail, return address and digital pseudonyms,” Communications of the ACM, 24 (2), 84-88. 1981.

[2]	Blum, M., Feldman, P. and Micali, S., “Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications,” in 20th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 103-112. 1988.

[3]	Goldwasser, S., Micali, S. and Rackoff, C., “The knowledge complexity of interactive proof system,” SIAM Journal on Computing, 18 (1), 291-304. 1989.

[4]	Damgard, I. B., “Payment systems and credential mechanism with provable security against abuse by individuals,” in CRYPTO'88, 328-335. 1990.

[5]	Camenisch, J. and Lysyanskaya, A., “An efficient system for non-transferable anonymous credential with optimal anonymity revocation,” in EUROCRYPT’01, 93-118. 2001.

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[6]	Camenisch, J. and Lysyanskaya, A., “Efficient non-transferable anonymous multi-show credential system with optional anonymity revocation,” in EUROCRYPT 2001, 93-118. 2001.

[7]	Camenisch, J. and Lysyanskaya, A., “Dynamic accumulators and application to efficient revocation of anonymous credentials,” in CRYPTO 2002, 61-76. 2002.

[8]	Camenisch, J. and Lysyanskaya, A., “Signature schemes and anonymous credentials from bilinear maps,” in CRYPTO 2004, 56-72. 2004.

[9]	Belenkiy, M., Chase, M., Kohlweiss, M. and Lysyanskaya, A., “P-signatures and noninteractive anonymous credentials,” in Theory of Cryptography Conference, 356-374. 2008.

[10]	Belenkiy, M., Camenisch, J., Chase, M., Kohlweiss, M., Lysyanskaya, A. and Shacham, H., “Randomizable proofs and delegatable anonymous credentials,” in 29th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology, 108-125. 2009.

[11]	Shahandashti, S. F. and Safavi-Naini, R., “Threshold attribute-based signatures and their application to anonymous credential systems,” in 2nd International Conference on Cryptology in Africa: Progress in Cryptology, 198-216. 2009.

[12]	Sudarsono, A., Nakanishi, T. and Funabiki, N., “Efficient proofs of attributes in pairing-based anonymous credential system,” Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6794/2011, 246-263. 2011.

[13]	Tamura, S., Anonymous security systems and applications: requirements and solutions, Information Science Reference, 2012.

[14]	Tamura, S., Haddad, H. A., Kouro, K., Tsurugi, H., Md. Rokibul Alam, K., Yanase, T. and Taniguchi, S., “An information system platform for anonymous product recycling,” Journal of Software, 3 (3), 46-56. 2008.

[15]	Diffie, W. and Hellman, M. E., “New directions in cryptography,” IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, IT-22 (6), 644-654. 1976.

[16]	Chaum, D., Fiat, A. and Naor, M., “Untraceable electronic cash,” in CRYPTO’88, 319-327. 1988.

[17]	Tamura, S. and Taniguchi, S., “A scheme for collecting anonymous data,” in IEEE-ICIT, 1210-1215. 2013.

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Article

A Scheme for Delegating Program Executions without Disclosing Secret Values

Shinsuke Tamura^1,, Shuji Taniguchi¹

¹School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(2), 21-27
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-2-1
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Shinsuke Tamura, Shuji Taniguchi. A Scheme for Delegating Program Executions without Disclosing Secret Values. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(2):21-27. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-2-1.

Correspondence to: Shinsuke Tamura, School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Email: tamura@dance.plala.or.jp

Abstract

A scheme that enables entities to delegate accomplishments of their secret tasks to others under complicated conditions is proposed. The proposed scheme exploits multidimensional array based encryption functions, and different from schemes that exploit public key based fully homomorphic encryption functions, it can handle real numbers in the same way as integers. Also, it enables entities to define complicated calculation algorithms as computer programs that are easy to develop and efficient to execute. In addition, together with data encryption, data redundancy and test data insertion principles it disables relevant entities to accomplish tasks dishonestly.

Keywords

privacy, multidimensional array based encryption functions, order preserving encryption functions, tamper resistant programs, anonymous signature

References

[1]	Chaum, D., “Untraceable electronic mail, return address and digital pseudonyms,” Communications of the ACM, 24 (2). 84-88. 1981.

[2]	Yao, A. C., “How to generate and exchange secrets,” Proc. of the 27th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 162-167. 1986.

[3]	Goldreich, O., Micali, M. and Wigderson, A., “How to play any mental game,” Proc. of 19th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 218-229. 1987.

[4]	Naor, M., Pinkas, B. and Sumner, R., “Privacy preserving auctions and mechanism design,” 1st ACM Conference on Electronic Commerse, 129-139. 1999.

[5]	Ogiso, T., Sakabe, Y., Soshi, M. and Miyaji, A., “Software obfuscation on a theoretical basis and its implementation,” IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E86-A, (1), 176-186. 2003.

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[7]	Gentry, C. “Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices,” Proc. of Symposium on theory of computing –STOC 2009, 169-178. 2009.

[8]	Chung, K., Kalai, Y. and Vadhan, S., “Improved Delegation of Computation Using Fully Homomorphic Encryption,” CRYPT 2010, LNCS 6223, 483-501. 2010.

[9]	Haddad, H, Tamura, S., Taniguchi, S. and Yanase, T., “Development of anonymous networks based on symmetric key encryptions,” Journal of Networks, 6 (11), 1533-1542. 2011.

[10]	Tamura, S., Anonymous Security Systems and Applications: Requirements and Solutions, Information Science Reference, 2012.

[11]	Tamura, S. and Taniguchi, S., “Enhanced Anonymous Tag Based Credentials,” Information Security and Computer Fraud, 2 (1), 10-20, 2014.

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Article

Web 2.0 and Social Media: Applications for Academic Libraries

Linda LeBlanc¹, Kay (Kwahng) Kim^1,

¹Department of Business Administration, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg,MA USA

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(2), 28-32
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-2-2
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Linda LeBlanc, Kay (Kwahng) Kim. Web 2.0 and Social Media: Applications for Academic Libraries. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(2):28-32. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-2-2.

Correspondence to: Kay (Kwahng) Kim, Department of Business Administration, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg,MA USA. Email: kkim@fitchburgstate.edu

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the applications of using Web 2.0 technologies and social media tools to “bring” the academic library to its students and implications for the Amelia V. Gallucci-Cirio Library, Fitchburg State University. A review of the literature finds varying levels of Web 2.0 implementations as well as various uses for the different tools in academic libraries. A further analysis of the Amelia V. Gallucci-Cirio Library’s implementation documents what they are doing and suggestions for improvement. It is undeniable that the digital life styles of people today are rapidly changing the way business of all kinds conduct business and academic libraries are not exempt. Academic libraries must develop ways to meet their patrons if they want to remain viable. Web 2.0 tools are the first step on that journey.

Keywords

Web 2.0, social media, IM, blogs, RSS, podcasts, vodcasts, multimedia, social networking, social book marking, wikis, online video conferencing

References

[1]	Baro, E. E., Idiodi, E. O., & Godfrey, V. (2013). Awareness and use of Web 2.0 tools by librarians in university libraries in Nigeria. OCLC Systems & Services, 29, 170-188.

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[5]	Dudenhoffer, C. (2012). Pin it!. College & Research Libraries News, 73, 328-332.

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[7]	Jennings, S. (2012). To tweet, or not to tweet?. Reference Services Review, 40, 214-216.

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[9]	Mahmood, K., & Richardson Jr, J. V. (2013). Impact of Web 2.0 technologies on academic libraries: a survey of ARL libraries. Electronic Library, 31, 508-520.

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Article

The DISTANCE Model for Collaborative Research: Distributing Analytic Effort Using Scrambled Data Sets

Howard H. Moffet^1,, E. Margaret Warton¹, Melissa M. Parker¹, Jennifer Y. Liu¹, Courtney R. Lyles², Andrew J. Karter¹

¹Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612

²Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(3), 33-38
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-1
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Howard H. Moffet, E. Margaret Warton, Melissa M. Parker, Jennifer Y. Liu, Courtney R. Lyles, Andrew J. Karter. The DISTANCE Model for Collaborative Research: Distributing Analytic Effort Using Scrambled Data Sets. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(3):33-38. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-1.

Correspondence to: Howard H. Moffet, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612. Email: Howard.H.Moffet@kp.org

Abstract

Background: Data-sharing is encouraged to fulfill the ethical responsibility to transform research data into public health knowledge, but data sharing carries risks of improper disclosure and potential harm from release of individually identifiable data. Methods: The study objective was to develop and implement a novel method for scientific collaboration and data sharing which distributes the analytic burden while protecting patient privacy. A procedure was developed where in an investigator who is external to an analytic coordinating center (ACC) can conduct original research following a protocol governed by a Publications and Presentations (P&P) Committee. The collaborating investigator submits a study proposal and, if approved, develops the analytic specifications using existing data dictionaries and templates. An original data set is prepared according to the specifications and the external investigator is provided with a complete but de-identified and shuffled data set which retains all key data fields but which obfuscates individually identifiable data and patterns; this “scrambled data set” provides a “sandbox” for the external investigator to develop and test analytic code for analyses. The analytic code is then run against the original data at the ACC to generate output which is used by the external investigator in preparing a manuscript for journal submission. Results: The method has been successfully used with collaborators to produce many published papers and conference reports. Conclusion: By distributing the analytic burden, this method can facilitate collaboration and expand analytic capacity, resulting in more science for less money.

Keywords

data sharing, privacy rule, information dissemination, collaboration, cohort studies, epidemiology, de-identification

References

[1]	NIH Statement on Sharing Research Data. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_guidance.htm accessed March 21, 2013.

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[5]	Miller JD: Sharing clinical research data in the United States under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Privacy Rule. Trials 2010, 11:112.

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[7]	Karter AJ, Schillinger D, Adams AS, Moffet HH, Liu J, Adler NE, Kanaya AM: Elevated Rates of Diabetes in Pacific Islanders and Asian Subgroups: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). Diabetes Care 2012, 36 (3): 574-579.

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[13]	Lyles CR, Karter AJ, Young BA, Spigner C, Grembowski D, Schillinger D, Adler N: Patient-reported racial/ethnic healthcare provider discrimination and medication intensification in the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). J Gen Intern Med 2011, 26 (10): 1138-1144.

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Article

Linear Mix-net and a Scheme for Collecting Data from Anonymous Data Holders

Shinsuke Tamura^1,, Shuji Taniguchi¹

¹School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(3), 39-47
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-2
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Shinsuke Tamura, Shuji Taniguchi. Linear Mix-net and a Scheme for Collecting Data from Anonymous Data Holders. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(3):39-47. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-2.

Correspondence to: Shinsuke Tamura, School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Email: tamura@dance.plala.or.jp

Abstract

To make e-society, e-governance and cloud computing systems be utilized more widely, this paper proposes a scheme to collect attribute values belong to same data holders and calculate functions of them without knowing correspondences between the attribute values and their holders or links among attribute values of same holders. Different from most of other schemes the proposed scheme is based on linear Mix-net that exploits secret key encryption functions such as linear equation based (LE-based) and multidimensional array based (MA-based) ones, therefore it can handle real numbers that appear in many important business and engineering applications efficiently in the same way as integers. In addition, anonymous tag based credentials used in the scheme ensure the correctness of calculation results. Although the scheme can calculate only linear combinations of attribute values when LE-based encryption functions are used, if they are replaced with MA-based ones, it can calculate also general polynomial functions of attribute values.

Keywords

E-society, E-governance, cloud computing, privacy, homomorphic encryption functions, anonymous tag based credentials

References

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[5]	Golle, P. and Jakobsson, M., “Reusable anonymous return channels,” Proc. of the 2003 ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 94-100. 2003.

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[10]	Tamura, S., Anonymous Security Systems and Applications: Requirements and Solutions, Information Science Reference, 2012.

[11]	Tamura, S. and Taniguchi, S., “A scheme for collecting anonymous data,” Proc. of IEEE-ICIT2013, 1210-1215. 2013.

[12]	Tamura, S. and Taniguchi, S., “Enhanced Anonymous Tag Based Credentials,” Information Security and Computer Fraud, 2 (1). 10-20. 2014.

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Article

The Security File System in Smart TV Operating System

Wang Xin^{1, 2,}, Yao Suying¹

¹School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

²Tianjin Broadcast and Television Network Co., Ltd

Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014, 2(3), 48-51
DOI: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-3
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Wang Xin, Yao Suying. The Security File System in Smart TV Operating System. Information Security and Computer Fraud. 2014; 2(3):48-51. doi: 10.12691/iscf-2-3-3.

Correspondence to: Wang Xin, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. Email: pyhiloveyou@126.com

Abstract

Modern smart TV devices have put a wealth of information and ever increasing opportunities for social interaction at the fingertips of users. At the center of this revolution are smart phone, smart TV and tablet computers, which give people a nearly constant connection to the Internet. As smart TV usage increases, more developers become involved in implementing application for smart TV. Security for application running on the smart TV is important. The smart TV operating system provides great flexibility not only for application developers but also for users. Most of Smart TV Operating Systems are open source operating system designed for Digital TV available on a variety of smart TV devices. As with PCs, there are a variety of security threats that can affect the smart TV device such as application based threat, web based threat, network based threat and file data threat. In this paper, we mainly focus on file data threat, in order to keep the data integrity the information should not be amended, damaged and loss in transmission process. We present the security file system in the Smart TV Operating System.

Keywords

security file system, Smart TV, DVB, Android

References

[1]	Wang Xin, Chen Delin, Sun Yue, Wang Xu, Yao Suying, “Security control for TVOS”, 2014 2^nd Asian Pacific Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering.

[2]	Wang Xin, Yao Suying, Wang Xu, Chen Delin, Sun Jun, Hua Zhong, Wang Dongfei, “TVOS Content Security Analysis and Protection in Smart TV”, 2014 2^nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering.

[3]	Wang Xin, Chen Delin, Sun Yue, Wang Xu, Yao Suying, “The Security Model of Broadcast Illtelligent Terminal Application and Technology Realization on TVOS”, 2014 2^ndInternational Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering.

[4]	Felix Rohrer, Nebiyu Feleke, Yuting Zhang, Kenneth Nimley,Lou Chitkushev, Tanya Zlateva1. Android Security Analysis and Protectionin Finance and Healthcare. //Boston University MET

[5]	ChenDelin, Li Zheng, Wang Ying, Zhao Liangfu, Zhang Dingjing. “The main technical characteristics and software architecture of NGB TVOS”, “Radio and television information”, 2013-10National Academy of Broadcasting Science

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[8]	Wang Mingmin, Zhu Yunbin. “To explore the implementation model and techniques of intelligent television terminal security under NGB environment”, “Radio and TV Technology”, 2012-10.

[9]	Ning Hua, Li Wei, Wang Kun, Lei Mingyu. “Research on intelligent terminal security system”, “Modern telecommunication technology”, 2012-5.

[10]	Haohui Mai, Edgar Pek, Hui Xue, Samuel T. King, P.Madhusudan. Verifying Security Invariants in ExpressOS // University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

[11]	Bernhard J. Berger, Michaela Bunke, and Karsten Sohr. An Android Security Case Study with Bauhaus // 2011 18th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering.

[12]	Zhiguo Wan, Jun’e Liu, Rui Zhang, and Robert H. Deng. “A Collusion-Resistant Conditional Access System for Flexible-Pay-Per-Channel Pay-TV Broadcasting” // IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA VOL. 15，NO. 6, OCTOBER 2013

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