Assessment of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Lactuca sativa L. and Solanum macrocarpum L. cultivated in Benin

Prudence Agnandji¹, Lucie Ayi-Fanou^1, , Magloire Acakpo Nonvignon Gbaguidi², Boris Fresnel Cachon³, Mathieu Hounha¹, Micheline Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo⁴, Winfred Seth Kofi Gbewonyo⁵, Fabrice Cazier⁶ and Ambaliou Sanni¹

¹Unité de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Environnement, Département de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université d'Abomey-Calavi 04BP0320 Cotonou, Bénin

²Unité de Recherche en Ecotoxicologie et Etude de Qualité (UREEQ), Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LERCA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) 01BP2009 Cotonou, Bénin

³Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Dassa-Zoume, Université des Sciences, Technologie, Ingénierie et Mathématiques, Dassa-Zoume, Bénin

⁴Laboratoire des Normes et de Contrôle de Qualité Microbiologique, Nutritionnelle et Pharmacologique, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 1636 RP, Cotonou, Bénin

⁵Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG54, Legon

⁶Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale Dunkerque, France

Cite this paper:
Prudence Agnandji, Lucie Ayi-Fanou, Magloire Acakpo Nonvignon Gbaguidi, Boris Fresnel Cachon, Mathieu Hounha, Micheline Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo, Winfred Seth Kofi Gbewonyo, Fabrice Cazier and Ambaliou Sanni. Assessment of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Lactuca sativa L. and Solanum macrocarpum L. cultivated in Benin. World Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2018; 6(1):4-12. doi: 10.12691/wjac-6-1-2

Abstract

Pesticides are harmful and toxic in nature. They are used for vegetable protection against pest attack. The present study aimed to determine the level of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid residues in vegetables (Solanum macrocarpum L. and Lactuca sativa L.). Thirty one vegetable samples (16 samples of Solanum macrocarpum L. and 15 samples of Lactuca sativa L.) from four vegetable farms were collected. The samples were cleaned up before the extraction was performed. Analysis was then processed using the QuEChERS method. Residue analysis was performed using a GC-PFPD for Organophosphorus residues and GC-ECD for Pyrethroid residues. MedCalc Statistical Software version 15.0. was used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that most of the samples are contaminated by Pyrethroid and Organophosphorus residues. Among Pyrethroid residues detected, 6.5% of cypermethrin and 43.75% of lambda cyhalothrin levels in Solanum macrocarpum L. have exceeded the maximum residue limits while in Lactuca sativa L. 40% of lambda cyhalothrin and 20% of fenvalerate levels exceeded also the maximum residue limits. For Organophosphorus analyzed, 6.25% of diazinon, 12.5% of chlorfenvinp, 18.75% of fenitrothion, 25% of dimethoate and pirimiphos methyl, 50% of profenofos, 56.25% of malathion and 75% of chlorpyrifos levels in Solanum macrocarpum L. exceeded maximum residue limits while 13.33 % of ethoprofos and chlorfenvinp, 20% of profenofos and fenitrothion, 26.67 % of methamidophos, dimethoate and pirimiphos-methyl, 46.67% of malathion and 53.33% of chlorpyrifos levels in Lactuca sativa L. were exceeded the maximum residue limits. No significant difference was observed between the level of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorus residues which are above maximum residue limits in Solanum macrocarpum L. and Lactuca sativa L. The levels of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorus detected in vegetable samples show that the sanitary qualitary of these vegetables is affected.

Keywords:
levels contamination Organophosphorus Pyrethrinoid vegetable crops south of Benin

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