Zinc Content and Bioavailable Zinc of Run-off Water from Roofing Sheets in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria

Kiri H. Jaryum^1, , Samuel Y. Gazuwa¹ and Mary Waziri¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
Kiri H. Jaryum, Samuel Y. Gazuwa and Mary Waziri. Zinc Content and Bioavailable Zinc of Run-off Water from Roofing Sheets in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. World Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2017; 5(2):53-56. doi: 10.12691/jnh-5-2-5

Abstract

Zinc, a micronutrient, a nutritionally essential trace element, plays important biochemical roles as a component of many metalloenzymes and proteins. Zinc deficiency leads to compromised immune function and hence illnesses from a range of diseases. In this study, bioavailable zinc from water collected under roofs in Jos, Nigeria, was assessed using animal models. The aim of the study was to determine whether this water has as much zinc as the tap water commonly used by the inhabitants. Rats in the experimental group were fed rain water samples, collected as run-off, having the highest zinc content. Rats in control group were fed water from tap. All feedings were done normally for 21days ad libitum. Plasma was collected and analysed for their zinc content using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis of the result showed that, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Therefore, rain water collected as run-off under roofs in Jos is as good as the normal tap water consumed in the city in terms of zinc content and bioavailable. Further research is still needed to determine whether these zinc sources can meet up the RDA.

Keywords:
rainwater bioavailable zinc Jos metalloenzymes deficiency

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Orlava and Orlov. Role of zinc in an organisation and its influence on processes leading to apoptosis. P. 239-305, 2011.
[2]	King, J.C. and Cousins, R.J. Zinc. In: Ross, A.C., Caballero, B.C., Cousins, R.J., Tucker, K.L. and Ziegler, T.R. eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11th Ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 189-205, 2014.
[3]	Maziya-Dixon; I.O. Akinyele; E.B. Oguntona; S. Nokoe; R.A. Sanusi; E.Harris: Nigeria Food Consumption And Nutritional Survey 2001-2003, 2004.
[4]	Jaryum, K. H., Okoye, Z. S. C. and Stoecker, B. J. Incidence of Zinc Deficiency among Under-Five Children of Kanam Local Government Area, North-Central Nigeria. Asian J. Clin. Nut., 9(1): 1-8. 2017.
[5]	Edward group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM. Foods High In Zinc˝-what are their benefit? September, 18. 2015.
[6]	International Zinc Nutrition Consultive Group (IZiNCG). Technical document no. 1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Brown K.H; Rivera J.A; Bhutta Z; Gibson R.S; King J. C; Lonnerdal B eds. Food and nutrition bulletin.25:S94-S203, 2004.
[7]	FAO/WHO. Zinc In: Human Vitamin And Mineral Requirement. Report of a joint FAO/WHO. Expert consultation FAO, Rome, PP 257-270, 2002.
[8]	Halvin, J.L. and Soltanpour, P.N. A nitric acid plant tissue digestion method with ICP spectrometry for contaminated soil and plant. Anaytical.Chemistry, 11: 969-980, 1980.
[9]	Clegg, M.S., Keen C.L., Lonnerdal B. and Hurley L.S. Influence of ashing techniques on the analysis of trace elements in animal tissue, I. wet-ashing. Biological Trace Elements Research, 3: 107: 15. 1981.
[10]	Rahman, S., Khan, M. T. R., Akib, S., Din, N. B., Biswas, S. K., and Shirazi, S.M.. Sustainability of Rainwater Harvesting System in terms of Water Quality. Scientific World Journal; Vol. ID 721357, Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 2014.
[11]	Eroksuz, E. and Rahman, A. Rainwater tanks in multi-unit buildings: a case study for three Australian cities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 1449-1452, 2010.
[12]	Angrill, S., Farreny, R., Gasol, C. M., et al. Environmental analysis of rainwater harvesting infrastructures in diffuse and compact urban models ofMediterranean climate, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25-4, 2012.
[13]	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicology profile for zinc. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of health and human service, public health service. 2005.
[14]	WHO. Trace elements in human nutrition and health, World Health Organization, Geneva. 1996; pp. 1-160, 1996.
[15]	WHO. Zinc in Drinking Water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2003.
[16]	Meranger, J.C., Subramanian, K.S. and Chalifoux, C. Metals and other elements. Int. J. Assoc. Anal. Chem., 64: 44, 1981.
[17]	Meranger, J.C., Subramanian, K.S., Langford, C.H. and Umbrasas, R. Use of an on-site integrated pump sampler for estimation of total daily intake of some metals from tap water. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 17: 307, 1984.
[18]	Kanadi, A.M. and Okoye, Z.S.C. Household harvested rainwater run-off from galvanised metal roofs can be an important dietary source of bioavailable zinc. Advances in Science and Technology, 5(1): 13-17, 2011.
[19]	Roohani, Nazanin; Hurrell, Richard; Kelishadi, Roya and Schulin, Rainer. Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J. Res. in Medical Sciences, Vol. 18(2): 144-157, 2013.
[20]	Lonnerdal, B. Dietary Factors Influencing Zinc Supplementation During Pregnancy: a double blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ 299:826-830, 2000.
[21]	Moran, Victoria Hall; Stammers Anna-loiuse; Marisol Warthon Medina; Sujata Patal; Dykes, Fiona et al. The Relationship Between Zinc intake And Serum/plasma Zinc Concentration in Children: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2012, 4, 841-858.