Study the Effect of Total Carotenoids from Sporidiobolus pararoseus on Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Margaret Zaitoun^{1, 2}, Maissam Ghanem^{1, 2}, Chang Liu^{1, 3}, Shuqing Wu^{1, 3}, Yuliang Cheng^{1, 3}, Weirong Yao^{1, 3}, Yahui Guo^{1, 3,} and He Qian^{1, 3,}

¹State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China

²Faculty of Health Science, Al-baath University, Homs, Syria;International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China

³International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China

Cite this paper:
Margaret Zaitoun, Maissam Ghanem, Chang Liu, Shuqing Wu, Yuliang Cheng, Weirong Yao, Yahui Guo and He Qian. Study the Effect of Total Carotenoids from Sporidiobolus pararoseus on Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2018; 6(12):740-747. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-6-12-4

Abstract

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pathogenesis hallmarks in the lungs of COPD patients always contribute to causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Carotenoids, extracted from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, have antioxidant and antitumor effect. These carotenoids have a similar structure to lycopene, which is demonstrated effective in the treatment of lung inflammation. This presented work aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions of total carotenoids (TC), extracted from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, on mice under a short-term exposure of cigarette smoke. Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice were divided into 6 groups (n=8): first group was control group exposed to ambient air, second group was CS group exposed to CS, third group was CS+LY18 group exposed to CS and treated with lycopene 18 mg/kg (CS+LY18), other groups (CS+TC18, CS+TC12, CS+TC9) exposed to CS and treated with (TC) at different doses (18, 12, 9 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment with TC especially at high dosage 18 mg/kg led to decrease the levels of MDA, GSH, activities of CAT, SOD in lung samples, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, it attenuated the morphological changes in the lungs. The high dose of TC showed a stronger effect than lycopene. These results demonstrated that TC from Sporidiobolus pararoseus have effective functions for acute lung inflammation induced by CS, which suggested a positive intervention for the treatment of COPD.

Keywords:
Sporidiobolus pararoseus total carotenoids COPD cigarette smoke inflammation oxidative stress

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Sapey E, Stockley R. COPD exacerbations· 2: Aetiology. Thorax, 2006, 61 (3): 250-258.
[2]	Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. The Lancet. 370 (9589): 765-773, 2007.
[3]	Groneberg DA, Chung KF. Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory research. 5(1): 18, 2004.
[4]	MacNee W. Oxidants and COPD. Current Drug Targets-Inflammation & Allergy.4 (6): 627-641, 2005.
[5]	Rahman I, Adcock I. Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 28 (1): 219-242, 2006.
[6]	Bezerra FS, Valença SS, Lanzetti M, Pimenta WA, Castro P, Koatz VLG, Porto LC. α-Tocopherol and ascorbic acid supplementation reduced acute lung inflammatory response by cigarette smoke in mouse. Nutrition. 22 (11-12): 1192-1201, 2006.
[7]	Yao H, Yang S-R, Edirisinghe I, Rajendrasozhan S, Caito S, Adenuga D, O'reilly MA, Rahman I. Disruption of p21 attenuates lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke, LPS, and fMLP in mice. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 39 (1): 7-18, 2008.
[8]	Zhao S, Tuan PA, Kim JK, Park WT, Kim YB, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Yang J, Li CH, Park SU. Molecular characterization of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in Lycium chinense. Molecules. 19 (8): 11250-11262, 2014.
[9]	Fiedor J, Burda K. Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in human health and disease. Nutrients.6: 466-488, 2014.
[10]	Eggersdorfer M, Wyss A. Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics652: 18-26, 2018.
[11]	Simova E, Frengova G, Beshkova D. Synthesis of carotenoids by Rhodotorula rubra GED8 co-cultured with yogurt starter cultures in whey ultrafiltrate. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 31 (3): 115-121, 2004.
[12]	Shi Q, Wang H, Du C, Zhang W, Qian H. Tentative Identification of Torulene Cis/trans Geometrical Isomers Isolated from Sporidiobolus pararoseus by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detection–Mass Spectrometry and Preparation by Column Chromatography. Analytical Sciences. 29 (10): 997-1002, 2013.
[13]	Campos KKD, Araújo GR, Martins TL, Bandeira ACB, de Paula Costa G, Talvani A, Garcia CCM, Oliveira LAM, Costa DC, Bezerra FS. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lycopene in mice lungs exposed to cigarette smoke. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 48: 9-20, 2017.
[14]	Kırkıl G, Muz MH, Sancaktar E, Kaman D, Şahin K, Küçük Ö. The effect of lycopene supplementation on chronic obstructive lung disease. HELİCOBACTER. 18: 23, 2012.
[15]	Wu J-L, Wang H-Y, Cheng Y-L, Du C, Qian H. Neuroprotective effects of torularhodin against H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 70 (1): 17-23, 2015.
[16]	Du C, Li Y, Guo Y, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. The suppression of torulene and torularhodin treatment on the growth of PC-3 xenograft prostate tumors. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 469 (4): 1146-1152, 2016.
[17]	Du C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. Torulene and torularhodin, protects human prostate stromal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage through the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis. Free radical research. 51 (2): 113-123, 2017.
[18]	Han M, He Q, Zhang W-G. Carotenoids production in different culture conditions by Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 42 (4): 293-303, 2012.
[19]	Van den Berg H, Faulks R, Granado HF, Hirschberg J, Olmedilla B, Sandmann G, Southon S, Stahl W. The potential for the improvement of carotenoid levels in foods and the likely systemic effects. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 80 (7): 880-912, 2000.
[20]	Davoli P, Weber RW. Carotenoid pigments from the red mirror yeast, Sporobolomyces roseus. Mycologist. 16 (3): 102-108, 2002.
[21]	Lanzetti M, Bezerra FS, Romana-Souza B, Brando-Lima AC, Koatz VLG, Porto LC, Valenca SS. Mate tea reduced acute lung inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Nutrition.24 (4): 375-381, 2008.
[22]	Valença SS, Pimenta WA, Rueff-Barroso CR, Ferreira TS, Resende ÂC, de Moura RS, Porto LC. Involvement of nitric oxide in acute lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in the mouse. Nitric Oxide. 20 (3): 175-181, 2009.
[23]	Valenca SS, Bezerra FS, Lopes AA, Romana-Souza B, Cavalcante MCM, Lima AB, Koatz VLG, Porto LC. Oxidative stress in mouse plasma and lungs induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Environmental research. 108 (2): 199-204, 2008.
[24]	Draper H, Hadley M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid Peroxidation. Methods in enzymology: Elsevier; 1990. p. 421-431.
[25]	Siafakas N, Tzortzaki E. Few smokers develop COPD. Why? Respiratory medicine.96 (8): 615-624, 2002.
[26]	Ward PA. Oxidative stress: acute and progressive lung injury. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1203 (1): 53-59, 2010.
[27]	Gould NS, Min E, Gauthier S, Martin RJ, Day BJ. Lung glutathione adaptive responses to cigarette smoke exposure. Respiratory research.12 (1): 133, 2011.
[28]	Bazzini C, Rossetti V, Civello DA, Sassone F, Vezzoli V, Persani L, Tiberio L, Lanata L, Bagnasco M, Paulmichl M. Short-and long-term effects of cigarette smoke exposure on glutathione homeostasis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 32 (7): 129-145, 2013.
[29]	Altuntaş I, Dane Ş, Gümüştekin K. Effects of cigarette smoking on lipid peroxidation. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology. 13 (1): 69-72, 2002.
[30]	Rahman I, MacNee W. Antioxidant pharmacological therapies for COPD. Current opinion in pharmacology. 12 (3): 256-265, 2012.
[31]	Malaviya R, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Anti-TNFα therapy in inflammatory lung diseases. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2017.
[32]	Profita M, Chiappara G, Mirabella F, Di Giorgi R, Chimenti L, Costanzo G, Riccobono L, Bellia V, Bousquet J, Vignola A. Effect of cilomilast (Ariflo) on TNF-α, IL-8, and GM-CSF release by airway cells of patients with COPD. Thorax. 58 (7): 573-579, 2003.
[33]	Yu M, Zheng X, Witschi H, Pinkerton KE. The role of interleukin-6 in pulmonary inflammation and injury induced by exposure to environmental air pollutants. Toxicological Sciences. 68 (2): 488-497, 2002.