Proximate Composition and Micronutrient Mineral Profile of wild Ganoderma lucidum and Four Commercial Exotic Mushrooms by ICP-OES and LIBS

Sumaira Sharif^{1, 2,} , Ghulam Mustafa³, Hira Munir², Connie M. Weaver¹, Yasir Jamil⁴ and Muhammad Shahid³

¹Nutrition Science Department, Purdue University West Lafayette, USA

²Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan

³Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

⁴Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

Cite this paper:
Sumaira Sharif, Ghulam Mustafa, Hira Munir, Connie M. Weaver, Yasir Jamil and Muhammad Shahid. Proximate Composition and Micronutrient Mineral Profile of wild Ganoderma lucidum and Four Commercial Exotic Mushrooms by ICP-OES and LIBS. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2016; 4(11):703-708. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-4-11-1

Abstract

Edible mushrooms are excellent food that can be incorporated into well balanced diets due to their low content of fat and energy, high content of dietary fibers and proteins. Proximate composition of mushrooms also varies within and among species due to agro-climate conditions and environmental factors. The current study was designed to analyze proximate composition and mineral profile of one local wild Ganoderma lucidum, two commercial local cultivated mushrooms species i.e. Pleurotus ostreatus and Vovoriella volvacea, and two commercial exotic mushrooms i.e. Lentinus edodes and Hericium erinaceus for their nutritive values. Minerals were analyzed by Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Selected mushrooms were also analyzed by laser induced break down spectroscopy (LIBS) to identify any harmful element(s) present in these mushrooms. Proximate analysis showed that crude protein ranged from 15.04-24.8%, crude fat 0.53-2.02%, Fiber 6.11-54.12%, Ash 2.0-9.99% and total carbohydrates varied in a range of 65.34-82.47% on dry weight basis. Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, P and K were in elevated concentration. Al, B, Cu, Li and Mn were in the range of 2.5-8.1, 0.4-6.1, 0.9-1.4, 0.2-1.4, 0.4-1.3 mg/100 g on dry weight basis respectively. As, Ba and Se were in lower concentration whereas Pb, Cd, Mo, Be, Sn and Co were below detectable limits. LIBS also revealed some elements like, titanium, barium, calcium, iodine, carbon and hydrogen. The selected local mushrooms are safe for consumption, in accordance with the permissible tolerance limit of the toxic metals.

Keywords:
mineral analysis proximate composition Pleurotus ostreatus Vovoriella volvacea

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