[1] | Bray G.A., Wilson J.F. “In the clinic: Obesity”. Ann Intern Med.”, 149, 2008. |
|
[2] | Formiguera X., Canton A., “Obesity: epidemiology and clinical spects’. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol., 18, 1125-46, 2004. |
|
[3] | Jeffreys M., McCarron P., Gunnell D., McEwen J., Smith G.D. “Body mass index in early and mid-adulthood, and subsequent mortality: a historical cohort study”. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord., 27, 1391-7, 2003. |
|
[4] | Pischon T., Boeing H., Hoffmann K., Bergmann M., Schulze M.B., Overvad, K. et al. “General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe”. N Engl J Med., 359, 2105-20, 2008. |
|
[5] | World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic.Report of a World Health Organization Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Obesity Technical Report Series, 2000, 284: 256. |
|
[6] | Monteiro C.A., Conde W.L., Popkin B.M. “Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 19752003”. Am J Public Health. 97, 1808-12, 2007. |
|
[7] | NHMRC, Clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, Canberra: Common wealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003, Accessed at: <http://www.obesityguidelines.gov.au>. |
|
[8] | Thoma M.E., Hediger M.L., Sundaram R., Stanford J.B., Peterson C.M., Croughan M.S., Chen Z. Louis On Behalf Of The Endo Study Working Group GM. Comparing Apples and Pears: Women's Perceptions of Their Body Size and Shape. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 2012. |
|
[9] | Alberti K.G.M.M., Zimmet P., Shaw J. “Metabolic syndrome—a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation” Diabet. Med., 23, 469-80, 2006. |
|
[10] | Verdich C., Barbe P., Petersen M., Grau K., Ward L., Macdonald I., Sørensen T.I., Oppert J.M. “Changes in body composition during weight loss in obese subjects in the NUGENOB study: comparison of bioelectrical impedance vs. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry”. Diabetes Metab., 37, 222-9, 2011. |
|
[11] | Carneiro G., Faria A.N., Ribeiro-Filho F.F., Guimaraes A., Lerario D., Ferreira S.R. et al. “Influence of body fat distribution on the prevalence of arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients”. Rev Assoc Med Bras., 49, 306-11, 2003. |
|
[12] | World Health Organization (WHO), Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995. |
|
[13] | Lemos-Santos M.G.F., Valente J.G., Gonçalves-Silva R.M.V., Sichieri R. “Waist circumference and waistto-hip ratio as predictors of serum concentrationof lipids in Brazilian men”. Nutrition, 20, 857-62, 2004. |
|
[14] | James P.T., Rigby N., Leach R. “The obesity epidemic, metabolic syndrome and future prevention strategies”. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation., 11, 3-8, 2004. |
|
[15] | James P. Chair of the London-based International Obesity TaskForce. Monte Carlo, March 17, 2003, Accessed at: <www.iotf.org/media>. |
|
[16] | Mokdad A.H., Bowman B.A., Ford E.S., Vinicor F., Marks J.S., Koplan J.P. “The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States”. JAMA. 286, 1195-200, 2001. |
|
[17] | Kottke T.E., Clark M.M., Aase L.A. et al. “Self-reported weight, weight goals, and weight control strategies of a midwestern population”. Mayo Clin Proc., 77, 114-21, 2002. |
|
[18] | Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., Johnson C.L. “Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000”. JAMA, 288, 1723-27, 2002. |
|
[19] | Ogden C.L., Carroll M.D., Kit K., Flegal K.M. “Prevalence of Obesity in the United States, 2009-2010”. NCHS Data Brief, 82, 1-8, 2012. |
|
[20] | Health & Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC), Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England, 2012. Accessed at: <http://www.ic.nhs.uk/>. |
|
[21] | Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Pesquisa do Orçamento Familiar, 2008-2009, 2009. Accessed at: <www.ibge.gov.br>. |
|
[22] | Kottke T.E., Wu L.A., Hoffman R.S. “Economic and Psychological Implications of the Obesity Epidemic Mayo”. Clin Proc., 78, 92-9, 2003. |
|
[23] | Price R. Genetics and common obesities: background, current status, strategies, and future prospects. In: Handbook for Obesity Treatment, pp. Wadden T., Stunkard A.J., EDS., Guilford Press, New York, 2002. |
|
[24] | Simonson D.C., De-Fronzo R.A. “Indirect calorimetry: methodological and interpretativeproblems”. Am J Physiol., 258, E399-E412, 1990. |
|
[25] | Epstein L.H., Paluch R.A., Gordy C.C. et al. “Decreasing sedentary behaviors intreating pediatric obesity”. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 154, 220-226, 2000. |
|
[26] | Mokdad A.H., Serdula M.K., Dietz W.H. et al. “The continuing epidemic of obesity in the United States”. JAMA, 284, 1650-1651, 2000. |
|
[27] | Ewing R., Cervero R. Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis. Transportation Research Record, 2001. |
|
[28] | National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH), Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. The Evidence Reports. Obes Res, 6, 53S, 1998. |
|
[29] | Blackburn G. “Effect of degree of weight loss on health benefits”. Obes Res., 1995. |
|
[30] | Bray G. Drug therapy of obesity, Official reprint from up To Date R, 2010, Accessed at: <www.uptodate.com>. |
|
[31] | ABESO/SBEM. Atualização das Diretrizes para o Tratamento Farmacológico da Obesidade e do Sobrepeso, Posicionamento Oficial da ABESO/SBEM, 2010, 76: 4-18. |
|
[32] | Li Z., Maglione M., Tu W., Mojica W., Arterburn D., Shugarman L.R., Hilton L., Suttorp M., Solomon V., Shekelle P.G., Morton S.C. “Meta-analysis: pharmacologic treatment of obesity”. Ann Intern Med., 142, 532-46, 2005. |
|
[33] | Cohen P.A. “Imported fenproporex-based diet pills from Brazil: a report of two cases”. J Gen Intern Med., 24, 430-3, 2009. |
|
[34] | Zaragoza R.M., Lopez M.L., Villaneuva S.L., Ortiz R.A., Villanueva G.L. “Efficacy and safety of slow-release fenproporex for the treatment of obesity”. Rev Mex Cardiol., 16, 146-54, 2005. |
|
[35] | Horie N.C., Cercato C., Mancini M.C., Halpern A. “Long-term pharmacotherapy for obesity in elderly patients: a retrospective evaluation of medical records from a specialized obesity outpatient clinic”. Drugs Aging., 27, 497-506, 2010. |
|
[36] | Arterburn D.E., Crane P.K., Veenstra D.L. “The efficacy and safety of sibutramine for weight loss: a systematic review”. Arch Intern Med., 164, 994-1003, 2004. |
|
[37] | Fujioka K., Seaton T.B., Rowe E. et al. “Weight loss with sibutramine improves glycaemic control and other metabolic parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Diabetes Obes Metab., 2, 175-87, 2000. |
|
[38] | Torp-Pederse C., Caterson I., Coutinho W., Finer N. et al. “Cardiovascular responses to weight management and sibutramine in high-risk subjects: an analysis from the SCOUT trial”. Eur Heart J., 28, 2915-2923, 2007. |
|
[39] | Galhardo J., Davis N., Matthai S., Shield J.P. “European Medicines Agency withdrawal for sibutramine”. Arch Dis Child., 95, 856, 2010. |
|
[40] | Colman E. “Food and Drug Administration's Obesity Drug Guidance Document: a short history”. Circulation, 125, 2156-64, 2012. |
|
[41] | Torgerson J.S. “Xenical in the prevention of Edicao Especial - Outubro 2010 - ABESO 47- 17 Diabetes in Obese Subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients”. Diab. Care., 27, 155-161, 2004. |
|
[42] | Van-Gaal L. “Efficacy and tolerability of orlistat in the treatment of obesity: a 6-month dose-raging study. Orlistat Dose-Raging Study Group”. Eur J Clin Pharmacol., 54, 125-32, 1998. |
|
[43] | Bray G.A., Greenway F.L. “Current and pontential drugs for treatment of obesity”. Endocr Rev., 20, 805-75, 1999. |
|
[44] | Croft H., Houser T.L., Jamerson B.D. et al. “Effect on body weight of bupropin substained-release in patients with major depression treated for 52 weeks”. Clin Ther., 24, 662-72, 2002. |
|
[45] | Scheen A.J., Paquot N. “Use of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of metabolic discords”. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab., 23, 103-16, 2009. |
|
[46] | Fujishima Y., Maeda N., Inoue K., Kashine S., Nishizawa H., Hirata A., Kozawa J., Yasuda T., Okita K., Imagawa A., Funahashi T., Shimomura I. “Efficacy of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, on body weight, eating behavior, and glycemic control, in Japanese obese type 2 diabetes”. Cardiovasc Diabetol., 11, 2012. |
|
[47] | Rotondo A., Janssen P., Mulè F., Tack J. “Effect of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide on satiation and gastric sensorimotor function during nutrient-drink ingestion”. Int J Obes (Lond), 37, 693-698, 2013. |
|
[48] | Mechanick J.I. Metabolic complications of baritic surgery. Proceedings: of the 16 th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). Seattle, 89-94, 2007. |
|
[49] | NIH Conference. “Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Devolopment Conference Panel”. Ann Intern Med., 115, 956-91, 1991. |
|
[50] | Fried M., Hainer V., Basdevant A. et al. “Inter-disciplinary European guidelines on surgery of severe obesity”. Int J Obes., 31, 569-77, 2007. |
|
[51] | Morrow T. “Insurers find small gains in weight control with Belviq”. Manag Care., 21, 45-6, 2012. |
|
[52] | Barber T.M., Begbie H., Levy J. “The incretin pathway as a new therapeutic target for obesity”. Maturitas., 67, 197-202, 2010. |
|
[53] | Silva M.A.B. Levantamento etnobotânico e triagem hipolipidêmica de plantas medicinais do Cerrado mato-grossense: avaliação da atividade hipolipidêmica da Simaba ferruginea St. Hil. e Vochysia rufa Mart, Cuiabá, 166p. (Dissertação de mestrado), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2009. |
|
[54] | Silva F.R.M.B., Szpoganicz B., Pizzolatti M.G., Willrich M.A.V., Sousa E. “Acute effect of Bauhinia foricata on serum glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats”. J Ethnopharmacol., 83, 33-37, 2002. |
|
[55] | Westerterp-Plantenga M.S., Smeets A., Lejeune M.P. “Sensory and gastrointestinal satiety effects of capsaicin on food intake”. Int J Obes., 29, 682-688, 2005. |
|
[56] | Chan C.C.W., Koo M.W.L., Ng E.H.Y., Tang O.S., Yeung W.S.B., Ho P.C. “Effects of Chinese Tea on Weight, and Hormonal and Biochemical Profiles in Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled trial Reproductive”. Sciences, 13, 2006. |
|
[57] | Sharpe P.A, Granner M.L., Conway J.M., Ainsworth B.E., Dobre M. “Availability of Retail outlets in a southeastern city”. Journal of American Diuretic Association., 2006. |
|
[58] | Magalhães S., Pinto J.C., Moreira A.L., Termorregulação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2001/02. Available from: <http://fisiologia.med.up.pt/Textos_Apoio/outros/Termorreg.pdf.>. |
|
[59] | Bianco, A.C. “Hormônios Tireóideos, UCPs e Termogênese”. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 44, 2000. |
|
[60] | Nagao T., Komine Y., Soga S., Meguro S., Hase T., Tanaka Y., Tokimitsu I. “Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men”. Am J Clin Nutr. 81, 122-9, 2005. |
|
[61] | Grove K.A., Lambert J.D. “Laboratory, epidemiological, and human intervention studies show that tea (Camellia sinensis) may be useful in the prevention of obesity”. The Journal of nutrition, 140, 446-453, 2010. |
|
[62] | Jeon G., Choi Y., Lee S.M., Kim Y., Jeong H.S., Lee, J. “Anti-obesity activity of methanol extract from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds in 3T3-L1 adipocyte”. Food Science and Biotechnology, 19, 1123-1127, 2010. |
|
[63] | Priya D., Rajaram K., Suresh Kumar P. “Phytochemical studies and GC-MS analysis of Caralluma fimbriata Wall”. International journal of Pharmaceutical Research and development, 3, 105-110, 2011. |
|
[64] | Kamalakkannan S., Rajendran R., Venkatesh R.V., Clayton P., Akbarsha M.A. “Antiobesogenic and antiatherosclerotic properties of Caralluma fimbriata extract”. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 6p, 2010. |
|
[65] | Kalluf L.J.H. Fitoterapia Funcional: dos Princípios Ativos à Prescrição Fitoterápica, VP Editora, São Paulo, 2008. |
|
[66] | Haaz S., Fontaine K.R., Cutter G., Limdi, N., Perumean‐Chaney S., Allison, D.B. “Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update”. Obesity reviews, 7, 79-88, 2006. |
|
[67] | Wang Q., Yang Y., Zhao X., Zhu B., Nan P., Zhao J., Zhong Y. “Chemical variation in the essential oil of Ephedra sinica from Northeastern China”. Food chemistry, 98, 52-58, 2006. |
|
[68] | Moro C.O., Basile G. “Obesity and medicinal plants”. Fitoterapia, 71, S73-S82, 2000. |
|
[69] | Souza S.P., Pereira L.L. S., Souza A.A., Santos C.D. Seleção de extratos brutos de plantas com atividade antiobesidade. Rev. bras. Plantas med.[Internet], 14, 643-48, 2012. |
|
[70] | Leonhardt M., Langhans W. “Hydroxycitrate has long-term effects on feeding behavior, body weight regain and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats”. American Society for Nutritional Sciences, 132, 1977-1982, 2002. |
|
[71] | Heymsfield S.B., Allison D.B., Vasselli, J.R., Pietrobelli A., Greenfield D., Nunez C. “Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial”. Jama, 280, 1596-1600, 1998. |
|
[72] | Dey L., Xie J.T., Wang A., Wu J., Maleckar, S.A., Yuan, C.S. “Anti-hyperglycemic effects of ginseng: comparison between root and berry”. Phytomedicine, 10, 600-605, 2003. |
|
[73] | Celleno L., Tolaini M.V., D'Amore A., Perricone N. V., Preuss, H.G. “A Dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vulgaris extract influences body composition of overweight men and women”. International journal of medical sciences, 4, 45-52, 2007. |
|
[74] | Bastos D.H.M., Rogro M.M., Arêas J.A.G. “Mecanismos de ação de compostos bioativos dos alimentos no contexto de processos inflamatórios relacionados à obesidade”. Arq. Brasileiro de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, 53, 646-56, 2009. |
|
[75] | Crisóstomo J.R., Furtado R.F., Barreto P.D., Miranda F.R. Cultivo de Pimenta Tabasco no Ceará. In: Melo M.A.R (Ed.). Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento para o Agronegócio Pimenta no Ceará, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, 2008, p. 1-36. |
|
[76] | Kawada T., Watanabe T., Takaishi T., Tanaka T., Iwai K. “Capsaicin-induced beta-adrenergic action on energy metabolism in rats: influence of capsaicin on oxygen consumption, the respiratory quotient, and substrate utilization”. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 183, 250-6, 1986. |
|
[77] | Yoshioka K., Deng T., Cavigelli M., Karin M. “PMCID: PMC41829 Antitumor promotion by phenolic antioxidants: inhibition of AP-1 activity through induction of Fra expression”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92, 4972-976, 1995. |
|
[78] | Dulloo A.G., Duret C., Rohrer D., Girardier L., Mensi N., Fathi M., Chantre P., Vandermander J. “Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans”. Am. j. clin. nutr., 70, 1040-1045, 1999. |
|
[79] | Muramatsu K., Zou N., Sakaguchi S., Ikematsu S., Sakuma H., Muramatsu T. “LDL receptor-related protein as a component of the midkine receptor”. Biochem. biophys. res. Commun., 270, 936-941, 2000. |
|
[80] | Murase T., Nagasawa A., Suzuki J., Hase T., Tokimitsu I. “Beneficial effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity: stimulation of lipid catabolism in the liver”. Int. j. obes. relat. metab. disord., 26, 1459-64, 2006. |
|
[81] | Dulloo, A.G., Seydoux J., Girardier L., Chantre P., Vandremander J. “Green tea andthermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity” Int. j. obes. relat. metab. disord., 24, 252-8, 2000. |
|
[82] | Dornas W.C., Oliveira T.T., Dores R.G.R., Fabres M.H.A., Nagem T.J. “Efeitos Antidiabéticos de Plantas Medicinais”. Rev. bras. farmacogn., 19, 488-500, 2009. |
|
[83] | Joyal S.V. “A perspective on the current strategies for the treatment of obesity”. Current Drug Targets Central Nervous System Neurological Disorders, 3, 341-356, 2004. |
|
[84] | Kim M.S., Kim J.K., Kwon D.Y., Park R. “Anti-adipogenic effects of Garcinia extract on the lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of transcription factor”. Biofactors, 22, 193-196, 2004. |
|
[85] | Alonso J. Fitomedicina: Curso para Profissionais da Área de Saúde. Pharmabooks, 2008. |
|
[86] | Alves N.D.C. Avaliação da Adequação Técnica das Indústrias de Medicamentos Fitoterápicos e Oficiais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir dos Instrumentos regulamentatórios específicos. INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 2004. |
|
[87] | Borsato D.M., Zanetti C.C., Kalegari M., Zanin S.M.W., Miguel M.D. “O Papel Do Farmacêutico na Orientação da Obesidade”. Visão Acadêmica, 9, 6p, 2008. |
|
[88] | Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), Resolução RE-Nº 89 de 16/03/2004. Determinar a publicação da “LISTA DE REGISTRO SIMPLIFICADO DE FITOTERÁPICOS”, 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.cfn.org.br>. Acesso em setembro de 2012. |
|
[89] | Balbino E.E., Dias M.F. “Farmacovigilância: um passo em direção ao uso racional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos”. Rev. bras. farmacogn., 20, 992-1000, 2010. |
|
[90] | Veiga J.R.V.F., Pinto A.C., Maciel M.A.M. “Plantas medicinais: cura segura?”. Quim. Nova, 28, 519-528, 2005. |
|
[91] | Teixeira D.C.M., Suplementos alimentares e perda de peso-considerações sobre Eficácia e segurança. (Tese de Licenciatura). FCNAUP, 2009. |
|
[92] | Carl Germano R.D. The Natural way to lose Weight Safely. Ed Kensington Health, New York, 1998. |
|
[93] | David B., MacLean L.G.L. “Increased ATP content/production in the hypothalamus may be a signal for energy-sensing of satiety: studies of the anorectic mechanism of a plant steroidal glycoside”. Brain Res, 1020, 1-11, 2004. |
|
[94] | Kuriyan R., Raj T., Srinivas S.K., Vaz M., Rajendran R., Kurpad A.V. “Effect of Caralluma Fimbriata Extract on Appetite, Food Intake and Anthropometry in Adult Indian Men and Women”. Appetite, 48, 338-44, 2007. |
|
[95] | Mesquita M.L., Grellier P., Mambu L., Paula J.E., Espindola L.S. “In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants used as traditional remedies”. J Ethnopharmacol, 110, 165-170, 2007. |
|
[96] | Jay-Udani M.D., Mary-Hardy, M.D., Damian, C., Madson, B.A., Uso de Extrato de feijão Branco marca Phase 2 Starch Neutralizer™ para perda de peso: um experimento controlado aleatorizado, 2004. Disponível em: <http://www.amway.com.br/downloads/misc/Extrato_Feijao_Branco_CB2.pdf>. Acesso em Setembro de 2012. |
|
[97] | Celleno L., Tolaini M.V., D'amore A., Perricone N.V., Preuss H.G. “A Dietary Supplement Containing Standardized Phaseolus vulgaris Extract Influences Body Composition of Overweight Men and Women”. Int J Med Sci., 24, 45-52, 2007. |
|
[98] | Mathur N.K., Narang C.K. “Chitin and chitosan, versatile marine animal polysaccharides”. J. chem. educ., 67, 938-942, 1990. |
|
[99] | Lee J., Chae K., Ha J., Park B.Y., Lee H.S., Jeong S., Kim M.Y., Yoon M. “Regulation of obesity and lipid disorders by herbal extracts from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris in high fat diet induced obese mice”. J. Ethnopharmacol., 115, 263-270, 2008. |
|
[100] | Zahorska-Markiewicz B., Krotkiewski M., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M., Zurakowski A.P.M.L. “Effect of chitosan in complex management of obesity”. Pol Merkur Lekarski., 13, 129-32, 2002. |
|