Impact of DNA Repair Genes Polymorphisms on Incidence and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in an Egyptian Cohort

Ebtsam R. Zaher^1, , Mahmoud A. Hemida² and Mostafa Al-Naggar³

¹Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

²Experimental and Clinical Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

³Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria Universit, Alexandria, Egypt

Cite this paper:
Ebtsam R. Zaher, Mahmoud A. Hemida and Mostafa Al-Naggar. Impact of DNA Repair Genes Polymorphisms on Incidence and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in an Egyptian Cohort. Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. 2017; 5(4):113-119. doi: 10.12691/jcrt-5-4-2

Abstract

Background: Sporadic breast cancer might be caused by low-penetrance genes, including genes constituting the DNA repair pathways. Defective DNA repair is a common imprint of cancer that promotes the accretion of DNA errors and genomic instability. The clustering of damage in DNA may stimulate breast carcinogenesis. Aims: The goal of the study is to evaluate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln, RAD51 G135C and XRCC3 Thr241Met as genetic indicators of susceptibility to breast cancer and to evaluate their role in treatment outcome. Methodology: The study included 248 females diagnosed with primary breast cancer and 232 normal healthy females. Patients were clinically followed up for 5 years after completing chemotherapy. Genomic DNA was isolated and the four polymorphisms under investigation were assessed by PCR-RFLP technique. Findings: XRCC1 399Gln, XPD 751Gln and XRCC3 241Met alleles were significantly associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 2.63, 2.17 and 3.21; respectively), with carriers having lower disease free survival (DSF). When grouping patients based on the number of affected genotypes they carry, DFS decreased as the number of affected genotypes increased (P_accum<0.001), patients carrying three (HR=4.74, p<0.001) or two (HR=3.35, p=0.005) affected genotypes had significantly worse DFS compared with those carrying zero (reference) or one (HR=1.37, p=0.093) affected genotype. RAD51 5’UTR G135C polymorphism was not associated with breast cancer risk (p=0.932) or with DFS. Conclusion: XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphisms may take a significant part in sporadic breast cancer as risk factors and in prognosis, where patients carrying XRCC1 Arg/Arg, XPD Lys/Lys and XRCC3 Thr/Thr genotypes had significantly diminished risk for breast cancer and higher DFS. DFS decreased as the number of affected genotypes increased. But RAD51 5'UTR G135C polymorphism did not associate with either risk or prognosis of breast cancer.

Keywords:
breast neoplasm DNA repair gene single nucleotide polymorphism XRCC1 XRCC3 XPD

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