Losartan versus Enalapril in the Protection of the Gastric Mucosa against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

Mahmoud H. Abdel-Rahim¹, Sanaa A. Ahmed^2, and Hytham M. Abdel-Latif²

¹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

²Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Cite this paper:
Mahmoud H. Abdel-Rahim, Sanaa A. Ahmed and Hytham M. Abdel-Latif. Losartan versus Enalapril in the Protection of the Gastric Mucosa against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2016; 4(3):39-45. doi: 10.12691/ajps-4-3-3

Abstract

Different mechanisms have been suggested for the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastropathy. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been suggested to have gastroprotective effects, sothe present work aims to elucidate the protective effect of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors through their effect on prostaglandins (PGs) and oxidative stress against peptic ulcer induced by aspirin in rats and to compare the efficacy of ACEIs and ARBs in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 6 groups, 6 animals each. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were received saline (normal control), losartan (3mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) i.p respectively for 4 weeks. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were pretreated with saline (aspirin group), losartan (3mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) i.p respectively for 4 weeks duration. On 29^th day, rats of group 4, 5 and 6 were submitted to gastric ulcer by single oral administration of 300 mg/kg aspirin then animals of all groups were sacrificed, stomachs were excised for gross and microscopic examination and determination of the mucosal levels of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT).Treatment of rats with aspirin produced a significant decrease in gastric PGE₂, SOD, NO, and CAT levels and produced deep gastric ulcer compared to normal control group. Pretreatment of rats with losartan or enalapril decreased the aspirin-induced alterations in gastric PGE₂.SOD and NO levels, but only losartan caused a significant increase in CAT activity while enalapril caused an insignificant increase. Also, pretreatment with losartan or enalapril ameliorated the severe deep gastric ulcer induced by aspirin to shallow erosions and inflamed gastric mucosa compared to changes in the aspirin group.In conclusions, the prophylactic use of losartan and enalapril ameliorated aspirin-induced gastric ulcer, but losartan has better influence as it has an additional effect on CAT.

Keywords:
losartan enalapril aspirin gastric ulcer PGE₂ SOD catalase

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