[1] | American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2009). Guide line on use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patient. Reference manual, 34 (6):183-90. |
|
[2] | Locker D, Liddell A, and Shopira D (1999). Diagnostic categories of dental anxiety: a population–based study. Behav Res Ther, 37:25-37. |
|
[3] | Helle KB (2004). The granin family of uniquely acidic proteins of the diffuse neuroendocrine system,comparative and functional aspect . Biol Rev (comb), 79:769-794. |
|
[4] | Vera J, Camoda M, and Machedo J (2011). Chromogranin A and B are key pprotiens in amine accumulation, but the catecholamine secretary pathway is conserved without them. FASEB, 18:Abstract |
|
[5] | Kanno T, Asada N, and Yanase H (1999). Salivary secretion of highly concentrated chromogranin A in response to noradrenalin and acetylcholine in isolated and per fused rat. submandibular glands. Exp Physiol, 84:1073-83. |
|
[6] | Obayashi K, Sato H, and Shimazzaki R (2008). Salivary chromogranin A: useful and quantitative biochemical marker of affective state in patients with any atrophic lateral sclerosis. Int Med, 47(21):1875-79. |
|
[7] | Saruta J, Tsukinoki K, and Sasaquri K (2005). Expression and localization of chromogranin A gene and protein in human submandibular gland. Cell Tissue Organs, 180(4).237-44. |
|
[8] | Malamed ST (2013). Technique of maxillary anesthesia In Malamed ST. Hand book of local anesthesia. 6th edition, Mosby Elsevir Inc, New York, USA; p188-215. |
|
[9] | Kanegane K, Penha S, Borsatti M (2003). Dental anxiety in an emergency dental service. Rev Saude Publica, 37:786-792. |
|
[10] | Nater YM, Rohleder N, and Gaab J (2005). Human salivary alpha amylase reactivity in a psychosocial stress paradiagn. Int J Psychophysiol, 55(3):333-341. |
|
[11] | Meechan J, Cole B, and Welbury R (2001). The influence of two different dental local anesthetic solutions on the haemodynamic responses of children undergoing restorative dentistry: a randomized, single- blind, split- mouth study. Br Dent J, 190(9):502-504. |
|
[12] | Sotunmbi PT and Arotiba JT (2005). A manual of anaesthesia for dental and maxillofacial surgery. 1st ed., Ambod Publishers, Nigeria: 72-102. |
|
[13] | Meechan JG, Parry G, and Rattray DT (2002). Effects of dental local anaesthetics in cardiac transplant recipients. Br Dent J, 192:161-3. |
|
[14] | Viana AM, Campos AC, and Morlin MT (2005). Plasma catecho lamine concentrations and hemodynamic responses to vasoconstrictor during conventional or Gow-Gates mandibular anesthesia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 100:415-9. |
|
[15] | Cáceres MT, Ludovice AC, and Brito FS (2008). Effect of local anesthetics with and without vasoconstrictor agent in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Arq Bras Cardiol, 91:128-33, 142-7. |
|
[16] | Kameyama K, Watanabe S, and Kano T (2008). Effects of nasal application of an epinephrine and lidocaine mixture on the hemodynamics and nasal mucosa in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 66:2226-32. |
|
[17] | Yang JJ, Wang TY, and Wang J (2005). Marked hypotension induced by adrenaline contained in local anaesthetic. Laryngoscope 115(2):348-352. |
|
[18] | Bortoluzzi MC, Manfro R, and Nardi A (2010). Glucose levels and hemodynamic changes in patients submitted to routine dental treatment with and without local anesthesia. Clinics, 65(10):975-978. |
|
[19] | Neal JM. (2003). Effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics on the central and peripheral nervous systems: Neurotoxicity and neural blood flow. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 28:124-34. |
|
[20] | Brown RS, Rhodus NL. (2005). Epinephrine and local anesthesia revisited. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 100:401-8. |
|
[21] | Haghighat A (2006). Hemodynamic effects of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar block. Dent Res J, 3(1):4-7. |
|
[22] | Chitre AP. (2010). Manual of local anesthesia in Dentistry.2nd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. pp. 3-90. |
|
[23] | Sia S, Sarro F, and Lepri A (2003). The effect of exogenous epinephrine on the incidence of hypotensive/ bradycardic events during shoulder surgery in the sitting position during interscalene block. Anesth Analog, 97: 583-588. |
|
[24] | Shaban B, Moradi M, and Nejat AH (2012). Hemodynamic Effect of 2%Lidocaine with 1:80,000 Epinephrine Infiltration in Maxillofacial Surgeries under General Anesthesia. JDM, 2(1):16-25. |
|
[25] | Shibata M, Kawai M, and Matsukura T (2013). Salivary biomarkers are not suitable for pain assessment in newborns. Early human development, 89:503-506. |
|
[26] | Mitsuhat C, Ohara Y, and Tachikake M (2012). Effectiveness of salivary chromogranin A as a stress index in young children during dental treatment. Pediatric Dental Journal, 22(2):163-169. |
|
[27] | Kudo M (2005). Initial injection pressure for dental local anesthesia: effects on pain and anxiety. Anesth Prog, 52(3):95-101. |
|
[28] | Lyby PS, Aslaksen PM, and Flaten MA (2010). Is fear of pain related to placebo analgesia? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(4): 369-377. |
|
[29] | Koh DQ, and Koh GH (2007). The use of salivary biomarkers in occupational and enviremental medicine. Occup Environ Med, 64:202-210. |
|
[30] | Muhata SK, Mahata M, and Parmer RJ (1999). Desensitization of catecholamine release. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274 (5) :2920-2928. |
|
[31] | Imbrogno S, Garofalo F, Cerra MC (2010). The catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide catestatin (chromogranin A344-364) modulates myocardial function in fish. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 213: 3636-3643. |
|
[32] | Angelone T, Quintieri AM, Bhawanjit K (2008). The Antihypertensive Chromogranin A Peptide Catestatin Acts as a Novel Endocrine/Paracrine Modulator of Cardiac Inotropism and Lusitropism. Endocrinology, 149(10):4780-4793. |
|
[33] | Tsigelny IF, Kouznetsova VL, Biswas N.MahataSK, and OConnor DT (2013). Development of a pharmacophore model for the chatecholamine release- inhibitory peptide catestatin: Virtiual screening and functional testing identify novel small molecule therapeutics of hypertension. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 21(18):5855-5869. |
|
[34] | Taupenot L, Harper KL, and Oconnor DT (2003). The chromogranin- secretogranin family. N Engl J Med, 348(12):1134-49. |
|
[35] | O’Connor DT, Kailasam MT, and Kennedy BP (2002). Early decline in the catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide catestatin in humans at genetic risk of hypertension. J Hypertens, 20:1335-45. |
|