Qualitative Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Resistance Pattern of Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts of Jatropha curcas

Richard Rebecca^1, , Denwe D Samuel², Yerima M.Bello³ and Olatunde K.Simeon⁴

¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria

²Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria

³Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

⁴Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Faculty of Pure and applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
Richard Rebecca, Denwe D Samuel, Yerima M.Bello and Olatunde K.Simeon. Qualitative Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Resistance Pattern of Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts of Jatropha curcas. American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2016; 4(5):143-146. doi: 10.12691/ajmr-4-5-3

Abstract

Jatropha caurcas (Euphorbiaceae) is used in folklore medicine to cure various ailments in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Present study investigated the phytochemical components and antimicrobial activities of Jatropha caurcas against some selected clinical isolates. The leaf and stem bark was macerated successively in ethanol and aqueous solvent for 24 hrs each. Qualitative phytochemistry screening of aqueous and ethanolic solvent extracts of plant materials was conducted using standard methods. The antibacterial susceptibility assay was carried out on three clinical isolates by preparing discs of a standard concentration of aqueous extracts of Jatropha caurcas. Result obtained indicates the presence of some secondary metabolites which are glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannin, steroids, reducing sugar and terpenoids. It was observed that alkaloids and saponins were absence in aqueous extract of leaves and stem bark solvent extract but present in stem bark extracts. However, ethanolic leaves extract contains no alkaloids and saponins. Susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae was measured to be 17mm, 23mm and 24mm respectively. Present investigation could serve as a panacea for emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and also, the analysis of the secondary metabolites will provide the pharmacognosy and drug development sector preliminary information about the phytochemical constituent of Jatropha caurcas (Euphorbiaceae).

Keywords:
Jatropha caurcas phytochemical antibacterial susceptibility extracts

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