Yearly Trends in Fetal Macrosomia among Hospital Births in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Iyoke CA^1, , Lawani OL², Ugwu GO¹, Ezugwu FO³ and Ilechukwu GC⁴

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku- Ozalla, Enugu

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki

³Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Park Lane, Enugu

⁴Department of Paediatrics, Whiston Hospital, St Helen’s and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, United Kingdom

Cite this paper:
Iyoke CA, Lawani OL, Ugwu GO, Ezugwu FO and Ilechukwu GC. Yearly Trends in Fetal Macrosomia among Hospital Births in Enugu, South East Nigeria. American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2014; 2(4):79-83. doi: 10.12691/ajcmr-2-4-4

Abstract

Fetalmacrosomia is associated with higher risks of maternal and neonatal complications and with health risks in adulthood. Trends in fetal macrosomia could indicate fetal growth patterns and its knowledge could be useful for prenatalcare and maternal health education. The objective of the study was to describe the yearly trends in the prevalence of fetal macrosomia among singleton live term hospital births in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Routinely collected delivery data of three major maternity centres in Enugu were reviewed for the period January 2003 to December 2013. All singleton term live births that took place at the three centres during the study period were analysed and the yearly prevalences of fetal macrosomia were determined. Statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence. A total of 22,628 singleton live term deliveries were studied. There were 2116 births of macrosomic babies giving a prevalence rate of 9.3% of singleton term deliveries. The mean weight of all macrosomic babies was 4.42kg ± 0.38. The prevalence rates of macrosomia showed a small, but significant decreasing trend over the period of study. The likelihood of fetal macrosomia was increased by male births (aOR 1.64, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.10, 3.20); postdate births (aOR 2.1, 95% C.I. 1.4, 4.1) and multiparity (aOR 8.0, 95% C.I. 3.2, 16.4). It was concluded that there was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of fetal macrosomia in the study centres,and factors such as the prevalences of male births, postdate pregnancies and multiparity could have influenced this, at least in part. However, population based studies incorporating prenatal weight and medical complication data would be needed to establish the factors responsible for the actual trend in macrosomic births in the general population in this area.

Keywords:
fetal macrosomia trend birth weight prevalence Nigeria

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